Corporate Social Responsibility and Executives’ Attitudes in Germany, Poland and Hungary
Main Article Content
Abstract
By examining executives' cognitive concepts of responsibility and the CSR activities of companies in three latecomers to explicit Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) - East and West Germany, Poland and Hungary - we show that the specific contexts matter for both. However, attitudes and activities are not in a deterministic relation. In (West) Germany, a neocorporatist concept of collective regulation is supportive of CSR, and implicit CSR is not driven out by an explicit CSR. In Poland and Hungary, the public discourse on CSR promoted by the EU has led to a ceremonial adoption of CSR by companies, while etatist and minimalist concepts of responsibility are relatively widespread. Substantive CSR is fostered by multinationals and executives who have studied in an Anglo-Saxon country. Yet, this seems not to be a peculiar feature of the Polish and Hungarian 'dependent market economy'.
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Bluhm, K., & Trappman, V. (2015). Corporate Social Responsibility and Executives’ Attitudes in Germany, Poland and Hungary. Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology, 6(12), 7–36. Retrieved from https://econjournals.sgh.waw.pl/wfes/article/view/513
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References
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Bluhm, K., Martens, B., Trappmann, V., (2011), Business Elites and the Role of Companies in Society. A Comparative Study in Poland, Hungary and Germany, "European-Asia Studies", 6:1011-1032
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Bondy, K., Matten, D., Moon, J., (2012), Isomorphism in the Practice of Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence of an Institution and its Decline, "Journal of Business Ethics", 111: 281-299
Brammer, S., Jackson, G., Matten, D., (2012), Corporate Social Responsibility and Institutional Theory: New Perspectives on Private Governance, "Socio-Economic Review", 1: 3-28
Campbell, J.L., (2007), Why Would Corporations Behave in Socially Responsible Ways? An Institutional Theory of Corporate Social Responsibility, "Academy of Management Review", 3: 946-967
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Clark, E., Soulsby, A. (eds.) (1999), Organizational Change in Post-Communist Europe: Management and Transformation in the Czech Republic, London: Routledge
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Hartmann, M., (2006), Vermarktlichung der Elitenrekrutierung? Das Beispiel der Topmanager, [In:] Münkler, H., Straßenberger, G., Bohlender, M. (eds.), Deutschlands Eliten im Wandel, Frankfurt am Main: Campus: 431-454
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Hiß, S., (2009), From Implicit to Explicit Corporate Social Responsibility - Institutional Change as a Fight for Myths, [In:] Business Ethics Quarterly, Special Issue on The Changing Role of Business in a Global Society: New Challenges and Responsibilities 3: 433-451
Iankova, E.A., (2008), From Corporate Paternalism to Corporate Social Responsibility in Post-Communist Europe, "JCC", Spring: 75-85
Imbusch, P., Rucht, D. (eds.) (2007), Profit oder Gemeinwohl? Fallstudien zur Gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung von Wirtschaftseliten, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag
Jackson, G., Apostolakou, A., (2010), Corporate Social Responsibility in Western Europe: An Institutional Mirror or Substitute?, "Journal of Business Ethics", 94: 371-394
Janky, B., Lengyel, G., (2014), Contractual Trust: The Long Shadow of the Shadow Economy, [In:] Bluhm, K., Martens, B., Trappmann, V. (eds.), Business Leaders and New Varities of Capitalism in Post-Communist Europe, London: Routledge: 134-147
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Kinderman, D.P., (2012), Free us up so we can be responsible. The co-evolution of Corporate Social responsibility and neo-liberalism in the UK, 1977-2010, "Socio-Economic Review", 1: 29-58
King, L.P., Szelenyi, I., (2005), Post-Communist Economic Systems, [In:] Smelser, N.J., Swedberg, R. (eds.) The Handbook of Economic Sociology, Princeton: Princeton University Press: 205-229
Koleva, P., Rodet-Kroichvili, N., David, P., Marasova, J., (2010), Is Corporate Social Responsibility the Privilege of Developed Market Economies? Some Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe, "The International Journal of Human Resource Management", 2: 274-293
Koos, S., (2012), The institutional embeddedness of social responsibility: a multilevel analysis of smaller firms' civic engagement in Western Europe, "Socio-Economic Review", 1:135-162
Kooskora, M., (2006), Perceptions of Business Purpose and Responsibility in the Context of Radical Political an Economic Development: The Case of Estonia, "Business Ethics: A European Review", 2:183-199
Lane, D., (2008), From Chaotic to State-Led Capitalism, "New Political Economy", 2:177-184
Lehmbruch, D., Schmitter, P. (eds), (1982), Patterns of Corporatist Policy-Making, Beverly Hills, Sage
Letica, B., (2008), Three CSR Models in New European Union Member States and Candidate Countries. CSR PAPER 43.2008, proceedings of Third Core Conference: The potential of CSR to drive integration in an enlarged Europe, 19-20 June 2008, Nottingham
Lewicka-Stralecka, A., (2006), Opportunities and Limitations of CSR in the Postcommunist countries: Polish Case, "Corporate Governance", 6: 440-448
Lim, A., Tsutsui, K., (2012), Globalization and Commitment in Corporate Social Responsibility: Cross-National Analysis of Institutional and Political-Economy Effects, "American Sociological Review", 1: 69-98
Matten, D., Moon, J., (2008), 'Implicit' and 'Explicit' CSR: A Conceptual Framework for a Comparative Understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility, "Academy of Management Review", 33: 404-424
Meardi, G., (2011), Social Failures of EU Enlargement. A Case of Workers Voting with their Feet, London: Routledge
Meyer, J., (2010), World Society, Institutional Theories and Societies, "Annual Review of Sociology", 36: 233-248
Midtun, A. Gautesen, K., Gjolberg, M., (2006), The Political Economy of CSR in Western Europe, "Corporate Governance", 6: 369-385
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Nagelkerke, N.J.D., (1991), A Note on a General Definition of the Coefficient of Determination, "Biometrika", 78: 691-692
Nolke, A., Vliegenthart, A., (2009), Enlarging the Varieties of Capitalism. The Emergence of Dependent Market Economies in East Central Europe, "World Politics", 4: 670-702
North, D.C (1990), Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
Palvolgyi, T., Nagypal, N.C., Szlavik, J., Csafor, H., Csete, M., (2009), Striking Oil? CSR and the EU Integration Processes: The Example of Hungary, Cheltham: Edgar Elgar
Piskalski, G., (2009), CSR in Poland. Briefing Paper for the EU - LAC Forum, Buenos Aires: Foundation Centrum CSR.PL
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Streeck, W., (2009), Re-forming Capitalism: Institutional Change in the German Political Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Trappmann, V., (2013), Fallen Heros in Global Capitalism. Workers and the Restructuring of the Polish Steel Industry, Houndmills: Palgrave
Trappmann, V., Jasiecki, K., Przybysz, D., (2014), Institutions or Attitudes? The Role of Formal Worker-Representation in Labour Relations, [In:] Bluhm, K., Martens, B., Trappmann, V. (eds.), Business Leaders and the New Varieties of Capitalism in Post-Communist Europe, London: Routledge: 176-204
UNDP (2007), Corporate Social Responsibility in Poland. Baseline Study, Warsaw: United Nations Development Programme in Poland
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Witt, A.M., Redding, G., (2012), The spirit of Corporate Social Responsibility: Senior Executive Perceptions of the Role of the Firm in Society in Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea and the USA, "Socio-Economic Review", 1:109-134
Zimpelmann, B., Wassermann, D. (eds.), (2012), Mitbestimmung und Nachhaltigkeit - Widerspruch oder Chance?: Eine empirische Untersuchung in deutschen Großunternehmen, Berlin: Ed. Sigma
Artus, I., (2001), Die Krise des deutschen Tarifsystems. Die Erosion des Flächentarifvertrags in Ost und West, Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag
Belyaeva, Z.S., (2013), Transformation Processes of the Corporate Development in Russia: Social Responsiblity Issues, "Systemic Practice and Action Research" 26, 485-496
Berniak-Wozny, J., (2010), Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries: Polish perspective, [In:] Sun, W., Stewart, J., Pollard, D. (eds.), Reframing Corporate Social Responsibility. Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis, Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited: 271-302
Bluhm, K., (2010), Theories of Capitalism Put to the Test: Introduction to a Debate on Central and Eastern Europe, "Historical Social Research", 2:197-217
Bluhm, K., Martens, B., Trappmann, V., (2011), Business Elites and the Role of Companies in Society. A Comparative Study in Poland, Hungary and Germany, "European-Asia Studies", 6:1011-1032
Bluhm, K., Martens, B., Trappmann, V. (eds.), (2014), Business Leaders and New Varities of Capitalism in Post-Communist Europe, London: Routledge
Bluhm, K., Trappmann, V., (2014), Varying Concepts of Corporate Social Responsibility: Beliefs and Practices in Central Europe, [In:] Bluhm, K., Martens, B., Trappmann, V. (eds.), Business Leaders and New Varities of Capitalism in Post-Communist Europe, London: Routledge: 148-175
Bluhm, K., Martens, B., (2014), From Deputy Revolution to Markets for executives? Social Origin, Careers and Generational Change of Business Leaders Twenty Years After Regime Change, [In:] Bluhm, K", Martens, B., Trappmann, V. (eds.), Business Leaders and New Varities of Capitalism in Post-Communist Europe, London: Routledge: 109-133
Bohner, G., (2001), Attitudes, [In:] Hewstone, M., Stroebe, W. (eds.), Introduction to Social Psychology, Oxford: Blackwell: 239-284
Bondy, K., Matten, D., Moon, J., (2012), Isomorphism in the Practice of Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence of an Institution and its Decline, "Journal of Business Ethics", 111: 281-299
Brammer, S., Jackson, G., Matten, D., (2012), Corporate Social Responsibility and Institutional Theory: New Perspectives on Private Governance, "Socio-Economic Review", 1: 3-28
Campbell, J.L., (2007), Why Would Corporations Behave in Socially Responsible Ways? An Institutional Theory of Corporate Social Responsibility, "Academy of Management Review", 3: 946-967
Carroll, A.B., (1991), The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Towards the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders, "Business Horizons", 34: 39-48
Clark, E., Soulsby, A. (eds.) (1999), Organizational Change in Post-Communist Europe: Management and Transformation in the Czech Republic, London: Routledge
Crotty, J., (2012), Corporate Social Responsibility in the Russian Federation: A Contextualized Approach, (in print)
Denzau, A.T., North, D., (1994), Shared Mental Models: Ideology and Institutions, "Kyklos", 1: 3-31
Dobers, P., Halme, M., (2009), Corporate Social Responsibility and Developing Countries, "Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management", 16: 237-249
European Commission (2001), Promoting a Framework for European Corporate Social Responsibility. Green Paper, Luxembourg: Office of Official Publication of the European Communities
European Commission (2011), Communication from the Commission the the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A Renewed EU Strategy 2011-14 for Corporate Social Responsibility. COM (2011) 681 final, Brussels
Friedman, M., (1973), The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits, [In:] Snoeyenbos, M., Almeder, R., Humber, J. (eds.), Business Ethics. Corporate Values and Society, New York: Prometheus Books: 73-83
Giordano, G., Hayoz, N. (eds.), (2013), Informality in Eastern Europe. Structures, Political Culture and Social Practices, Bern: Peter Lang
Gjolberg, M., (2009), The Origin of Corporate Social Responsibility: Global Forces or National Legacies?, "Socio-Economic Review", 4: 605-638
Hall, P.A., Soskice, D., (2001), Introduction to Varieties of Capitalism, [In:] Hall, P.A., Soskice, D. (eds.), Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1-68
Halmes, M., Laurila, J., (2009), Philanthropy, Integration or Innovation? Exploring the Financial and Societal Outcomes of Different Types of Corporate Responsibility, "Journal of Business Ethics", 84: 325-339
Hartmann, M., (2006), Vermarktlichung der Elitenrekrutierung? Das Beispiel der Topmanager, [In:] Münkler, H., Straßenberger, G., Bohlender, M. (eds.), Deutschlands Eliten im Wandel, Frankfurt am Main: Campus: 431-454
Hennebel, L., Kalfayan, P., (2006), An Overview of Corporate Social Responisbility in Hungary, International Federation for Human Rights
Hiß, S., (2009), From Implicit to Explicit Corporate Social Responsibility - Institutional Change as a Fight for Myths, [In:] Business Ethics Quarterly, Special Issue on The Changing Role of Business in a Global Society: New Challenges and Responsibilities 3: 433-451
Iankova, E.A., (2008), From Corporate Paternalism to Corporate Social Responsibility in Post-Communist Europe, "JCC", Spring: 75-85
Imbusch, P., Rucht, D. (eds.) (2007), Profit oder Gemeinwohl? Fallstudien zur Gesellschaftlichen Verantwortung von Wirtschaftseliten, Wiesbaden: VS Verlag
Jackson, G., Apostolakou, A., (2010), Corporate Social Responsibility in Western Europe: An Institutional Mirror or Substitute?, "Journal of Business Ethics", 94: 371-394
Janky, B., Lengyel, G., (2014), Contractual Trust: The Long Shadow of the Shadow Economy, [In:] Bluhm, K., Martens, B., Trappmann, V. (eds.), Business Leaders and New Varities of Capitalism in Post-Communist Europe, London: Routledge: 134-147
Jasiecki, K., (2014), Institutional Transformation and Business Leaders of the New Foreign- Led Capitalism in Poland, [In:] Bluhm, K., Martens, B., Trappmann, V. (eds.), Business Leaders and New Varities of Capitalism in Post-Communist Europe, London: Routledge: 23-57
Kang, N., Moon, J., (2012), Institutional Complementarity between Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Comparative Institutional Analysis of Three Capitalisms, "Socio-Economic Review", 10: 85-108
Kinderman, D.P., (2008), The Political Economy of Corporate Responsibility in Germany. 1995-2008, Mario Einaudi Center for International Studies, Cornell University
Kinderman, D.P., (2012), Free us up so we can be responsible. The co-evolution of Corporate Social responsibility and neo-liberalism in the UK, 1977-2010, "Socio-Economic Review", 1: 29-58
King, L.P., Szelenyi, I., (2005), Post-Communist Economic Systems, [In:] Smelser, N.J., Swedberg, R. (eds.) The Handbook of Economic Sociology, Princeton: Princeton University Press: 205-229
Koleva, P., Rodet-Kroichvili, N., David, P., Marasova, J., (2010), Is Corporate Social Responsibility the Privilege of Developed Market Economies? Some Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe, "The International Journal of Human Resource Management", 2: 274-293
Koos, S., (2012), The institutional embeddedness of social responsibility: a multilevel analysis of smaller firms' civic engagement in Western Europe, "Socio-Economic Review", 1:135-162
Kooskora, M., (2006), Perceptions of Business Purpose and Responsibility in the Context of Radical Political an Economic Development: The Case of Estonia, "Business Ethics: A European Review", 2:183-199
Lane, D., (2008), From Chaotic to State-Led Capitalism, "New Political Economy", 2:177-184
Lehmbruch, D., Schmitter, P. (eds), (1982), Patterns of Corporatist Policy-Making, Beverly Hills, Sage
Letica, B., (2008), Three CSR Models in New European Union Member States and Candidate Countries. CSR PAPER 43.2008, proceedings of Third Core Conference: The potential of CSR to drive integration in an enlarged Europe, 19-20 June 2008, Nottingham
Lewicka-Stralecka, A., (2006), Opportunities and Limitations of CSR in the Postcommunist countries: Polish Case, "Corporate Governance", 6: 440-448
Lim, A., Tsutsui, K., (2012), Globalization and Commitment in Corporate Social Responsibility: Cross-National Analysis of Institutional and Political-Economy Effects, "American Sociological Review", 1: 69-98
Matten, D., Moon, J., (2008), 'Implicit' and 'Explicit' CSR: A Conceptual Framework for a Comparative Understanding of Corporate Social Responsibility, "Academy of Management Review", 33: 404-424
Meardi, G., (2011), Social Failures of EU Enlargement. A Case of Workers Voting with their Feet, London: Routledge
Meyer, J., (2010), World Society, Institutional Theories and Societies, "Annual Review of Sociology", 36: 233-248
Midtun, A. Gautesen, K., Gjolberg, M., (2006), The Political Economy of CSR in Western Europe, "Corporate Governance", 6: 369-385
Myant, M., Drahokoupil, J., (2011), Transition Economies: Political Economy in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia, Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons
Nagelkerke, N.J.D., (1991), A Note on a General Definition of the Coefficient of Determination, "Biometrika", 78: 691-692
Nolke, A., Vliegenthart, A., (2009), Enlarging the Varieties of Capitalism. The Emergence of Dependent Market Economies in East Central Europe, "World Politics", 4: 670-702
North, D.C (1990), Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
Palvolgyi, T., Nagypal, N.C., Szlavik, J., Csafor, H., Csete, M., (2009), Striking Oil? CSR and the EU Integration Processes: The Example of Hungary, Cheltham: Edgar Elgar
Piskalski, G., (2009), CSR in Poland. Briefing Paper for the EU - LAC Forum, Buenos Aires: Foundation Centrum CSR.PL
Schmidt, R., (2008), Social relationships in German SMEs: An east-west comparison, [In:] Bluhm, K., Schmidt, R. (eds.), Change in SMEs: Towards a New European Capitalism?, Basingstoke-New York: Palgrave Macmillan: 274-290
Streeck, W., (2009), Re-forming Capitalism: Institutional Change in the German Political Economy, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Trappmann, V., (2013), Fallen Heros in Global Capitalism. Workers and the Restructuring of the Polish Steel Industry, Houndmills: Palgrave
Trappmann, V., Jasiecki, K., Przybysz, D., (2014), Institutions or Attitudes? The Role of Formal Worker-Representation in Labour Relations, [In:] Bluhm, K., Martens, B., Trappmann, V. (eds.), Business Leaders and the New Varieties of Capitalism in Post-Communist Europe, London: Routledge: 176-204
UNDP (2007), Corporate Social Responsibility in Poland. Baseline Study, Warsaw: United Nations Development Programme in Poland
UNPD (2007), Corporate Social Responsibility in Hungary. Baseline Study, United Nations Development Programme in Hungary
Visser, W., (2008), Corporate Social Responsibility in Developing Countries, [In:] Crane, A., McWilliams, A., Matten, D., Moon, J., Siegel, D.S. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 473-479
Witt, A.M., Redding, G., (2012), The spirit of Corporate Social Responsibility: Senior Executive Perceptions of the Role of the Firm in Society in Germany, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea and the USA, "Socio-Economic Review", 1:109-134
Zimpelmann, B., Wassermann, D. (eds.), (2012), Mitbestimmung und Nachhaltigkeit - Widerspruch oder Chance?: Eine empirische Untersuchung in deutschen Großunternehmen, Berlin: Ed. Sigma