Implementing ECVET Principles. Reforming Poland’s Vocational Education and Training Through Learning Outcomes Based Curricula and Assessment
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Abstract
The aim of this article is twofold. First, to propose what it means to implement the European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET) into a national qualifications system. Second, to describe in detail the key elements and broader context of the 2012/2013 vocational education reform in Poland, which introduced the learning outcomes approach and ECVET system. We show that key ECVET principles were implemented in Poland because they were treated more as a means to modernise the national VET system, rather than to promote the international mobility of learners.
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How to Cite
Dębowski, H., & Stęchły, W. (2015). Implementing ECVET Principles. Reforming Poland’s Vocational Education and Training Through Learning Outcomes Based Curricula and Assessment. Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology, 6(12), 57–88. Retrieved from https://econjournals.sgh.waw.pl/wfes/article/view/515
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References
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Cedefop (2010), Linking credit systems and qualifications framework. An international comparative analysis
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Cedefop., (2014), Monitoring ECVET implementation strategies in Europe in 2013, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union: Working Paper 22
Chłoń- Domińczak, A., Dębowski, H., Drogosz-Zabłocka, E., Dybaś, M., Holzer-Żelażewska, D., Maliszewska, A., Paczyński, W., Podwójcie, K., Rucińska, M., Stęchły, W., Tomasik, M., Trawińska-Konador, K., Ziewiec, G., (2012), Edukacja zawodowa w Polsce, [in:] Wojciuk, A., Fedorowicz, M. eds., Raport o stanie edukacji 2011. Kontynuacja przemian, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych: 169-249
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Fietz, G., Reglin, T., Le Mouilllour, I., (2008), Implementing and developing a Credit System for Vocational Education and Training, ECVET Reflector, Bonn: Bundesinstitut fiir Berufsbildung
GHK Consulting (2012), We have tried ECVET: Lessons from the first generation of ECVET pilot projects. Synthesis of results and project portraits, http://www.ecvet-projects.eu/Documents/Seminars/ECVET_Brochure_singlepages_allthesame.pdf
Hart, J., Howieson, C., (2004), Unitisation: benefits and issues, Glasgow: Scottish Qualifications Authority
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Kabaj, M., (2010), System kształcenia zawodowego i kierunki jego doskonalenia w warunkach integracji i wzrostu konkurencyjności: Diagnoza i elementy programu szerszego wdrożenia dualnego systemu kształcenia w Polsce, Warszawa: Związek Rzemiosła Polskiego
Kabaj, M., (2012). Wpływ systemów kształcenia zawodowego na zatrudnienie i bezrobocie młodzieży: Projekt programu wdrożenia dualnego systemu kształcenia zawodowego w Polsce, Warszawa: Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych
Kraśniewski, A., (2012), Development of the National Qualifications Framework for Higher Education in Poland, "Journal of the European Higher Education Area" 1
Kurek, S., Rachwał, T., (2012), Vocational Education and Training in Poland During Economic Transition, [In:] Pilz, M. (ed.), The future of vocational education and training in a changing world, Wiesbaden: Springer VS: 321-340
Kwiatkowski, S.M., (2000), Zmiany strukturalne w kształceniu zawodowym w latach 1990-2000; Rynek pracy w latach 2000-2010 - prognozy, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych
Kwiatkowski, S.M. ed., (2000). Kształcenie zawodowe -rynekpracy-pracodawcy, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych
Le Mouillour, I., (2005), European approaches to credit (transfer) systems in VET, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Cedefop Dossier series 12
Le Mouillour, I., (2012), Potentials for Change in Education and Training through Interaction between Credit Systems and Qualifications Frameworks, [In:] Pilz, M. ed., The future of vocational education and training in a changing world, Wiesbaden: Springer VS: 321-340
Mehaut, P., Winch, C., (2011), EU Initiatives in Cross-National Recognition of Skills and Qualifications, [In:] Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. ed., Knowledge, Skills and Competence in the European Labour Market. Whats in a vocational qualification? Abingdon-New York: Routledge
Ministerstwo Edukacji Narodowej, (2015), Założenia do projektu ustawy o zintegrowanym systemie kwalifikacji. Dokument przyjęty przez Radę Ministrów 31 marca 2015 roku, Warszawa: Ministerstwo Edukacji Narodowej
Osiecka-Chojnacka, J., (2007), Szkolnictwo zawodowe wobec problemów rynku pracy, [In:] Karpowicz, E. ed., "Rynek pracy", 3, Warszawa: Biuro Analiz Sejmowych: 67-96
Parks, D. ed., (1998), A Cross Country Analysis of Curricular Reform in Vocational Education and Training in Central and Eastern Europe. Integration of Work and Learning. Report, Turin: European Training Foundation
Pilz, M., (2002), The contrast between modular and occupational approaches to modernising vocational training, "Vocational Training: European Journal" 25: 27-33
PPMI (2014), Implementation of the Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on the establishment of a European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET), Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
Puhani, P.A., (2000), On the identification of relative wage rigidity dynamics: a proposal for a methodology on cross-section data and empirical evidence for Poland in transition, No 2000-11, IRISS Working Paper Series, IRISS at CEPS/INSTEAD, http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:irs:iriswp:2000-ll
Roszkowska, S., Majchrowska, A.K., (2014), Premia z wykształcenia i doświadczenia zawodowego według płci w Polsce, Warszawa: Narodowy Bank Polski, Departament Edukacji i Wydawnictw
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Rutkowski, J., (2001), Earnings Inequality in Transition Economies of Central Europe: Trends and Patterns During the 1990s. Social Protection Discussion Paper 0117 World Bank, Washington, DC
Shaw, G., (1995), Modernising Curricula in Vocational Education and Training in Poland: A Case Study, "European Journal of Education" 30(3) September: 265-275
Sławiński, S., Dębowski, H. ed., Referencing Report. Referencing the Polish Qualifications Framework for lifelong learning to the European Qualifications Framework, Warsaw: Educational Research Institute
Stanwick, J., (2009), Modularization and Modular Delivery of TVET, [In:] Maclean, R., Wilson, D. ed., International Handbook of Education for the Changing World of Work. Bridging Academic and Vocational Learning: Springer
Stęchły, W, Dębowski, H., Lewicki, J., (2013), Koncepcja systemu akumulowania i przenoszenia osiągnięć w zintegrowanym systemie kwalifikacji, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych
Stęchły, W., Tomaszuk, A., Ziewiec, G., (2013), Modernizacja kształcenia zawodowego w świetle celów polityki uczenia się przez całe życie, [In:] A. Chłoń-Domińczak ed., Raport o stanie edukacji. Liczą się efekty uczenia się, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych
Ziewiec, G., Tomaszuk A., Pierwieniecka R., Stęchły W. ed., (2015), Propozycja metody określania poziomu kwalifikacji: Rezultaty współpracy z konsultacyjnymi zespołami branżowymi marzec 2012 - wrzesień 2013, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych
Cedefop (2009), The shift to learning outcomes. Policies and practices in Europe, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities: Cedefop Reference series 72
Cedefop (2010), Changing qualifications. A review of qualifications policies and practices. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union: Cedefop Reference series 84
Cedefop (2010), The development ofECVET in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union: Working Paper 10
Cedefop (2010), Linking credit systems and qualifications framework. An international comparative analysis
Cedefop (2013), Monitoring ECVET implementation strategies in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union: Working Paper 18
Cedefop., (2014), Monitoring ECVET implementation strategies in Europe in 2013, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union: Working Paper 22
Chłoń- Domińczak, A., Dębowski, H., Drogosz-Zabłocka, E., Dybaś, M., Holzer-Żelażewska, D., Maliszewska, A., Paczyński, W., Podwójcie, K., Rucińska, M., Stęchły, W., Tomasik, M., Trawińska-Konador, K., Ziewiec, G., (2012), Edukacja zawodowa w Polsce, [in:] Wojciuk, A., Fedorowicz, M. eds., Raport o stanie edukacji 2011. Kontynuacja przemian, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych: 169-249
Chmielecka, E., Kraśniewski, A., Marciniak, Z., (2012). Krajowe Ramy Kwalifikacji w szkolnictwie wyższym, [in:] Chłoń-Domińczak, A. ed., Raport o stanie edukacji. Liczą się efekty uczenia się, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych
Dąbrowski, M., Wiśniewski, J., (2011), Translating Key Competences into the School Curriculum: lessons from the Polish experience, "European Journal of Education" 46 (3)
Deij, A., (2010), The European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training, VET innovator or Lifelong Learning Taximeter?, [in:] Bridges, P. Finn, M. ed., Making Sense of Credit and Qualification Frameworks in the United Kingdom, Derby: UK Credit Forum, University of Derby
Dębowski, H., (2012), Shaping VET qualifications, [In:] Luck, A. ed., Poland. VET in Europe - Country Report, Cedefop/Refernet Poland
Dybaś, M., (2014), Nieformalne uwarunkowania wdrażania systemu przenoszenia i akumulowania osiągnięć w kształceniu i szkoleniu zawodowym w Polsce, "Kultura i Edukacja" 4
Eberhardt. Ch., (2013), Implementing ECVET: crediting, recognition and transfer of learning outcomes between European target stipulations and national System conditions, Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB), Bonn: Discussion Papers 146
Ertl, H., (2002), The concept of modularisation in vocational education and training: the debate in Germany and its implications, "Oxford Review of Education" 28(1): 53-73
European Commission (2012), Using ECVET for Geographical Mobility. Part II of the ECVET Users Guide, http://www.ECVET-team.eu/sites/default/files/ECVET_qna_web_21_04_2010_l.pdf
European Commission (2014), Note to the members of the ECVET users group: The first evaluation of ECVET and its follow up Brussels, Annex to the invitation letter of 14.4.2014
European Parliament and Council of the European Communities (2008), Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April on the establishment of European Qualifications Framework for lifelong learning, Official Journal of the European Union (2008/C, 111/01)
European Parliament and Council of the European Communities (2008), Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June on the establishment of European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET) Official Journal of the European Union (2009/C, 155/02)
Fietz, G., Reglin, T., Le Mouilllour, I., (2008), Implementing and developing a Credit System for Vocational Education and Training, ECVET Reflector, Bonn: Bundesinstitut fiir Berufsbildung
GHK Consulting (2012), We have tried ECVET: Lessons from the first generation of ECVET pilot projects. Synthesis of results and project portraits, http://www.ecvet-projects.eu/Documents/Seminars/ECVET_Brochure_singlepages_allthesame.pdf
Hart, J., Howieson, C., (2004), Unitisation: benefits and issues, Glasgow: Scottish Qualifications Authority
Jeruszka, U. ed., (2012), Unowocześnianie metod i form kształcenia zawodowego w Polsce, Institute of Labour and Social Studies, Warsaw.
Kabaj, M., (2010), System kształcenia zawodowego i kierunki jego doskonalenia w warunkach integracji i wzrostu konkurencyjności: Diagnoza i elementy programu szerszego wdrożenia dualnego systemu kształcenia w Polsce, Warszawa: Związek Rzemiosła Polskiego
Kabaj, M., (2012). Wpływ systemów kształcenia zawodowego na zatrudnienie i bezrobocie młodzieży: Projekt programu wdrożenia dualnego systemu kształcenia zawodowego w Polsce, Warszawa: Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych
Kraśniewski, A., (2012), Development of the National Qualifications Framework for Higher Education in Poland, "Journal of the European Higher Education Area" 1
Kurek, S., Rachwał, T., (2012), Vocational Education and Training in Poland During Economic Transition, [In:] Pilz, M. (ed.), The future of vocational education and training in a changing world, Wiesbaden: Springer VS: 321-340
Kwiatkowski, S.M., (2000), Zmiany strukturalne w kształceniu zawodowym w latach 1990-2000; Rynek pracy w latach 2000-2010 - prognozy, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych
Kwiatkowski, S.M. ed., (2000). Kształcenie zawodowe -rynekpracy-pracodawcy, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych
Le Mouillour, I., (2005), European approaches to credit (transfer) systems in VET, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Cedefop Dossier series 12
Le Mouillour, I., (2012), Potentials for Change in Education and Training through Interaction between Credit Systems and Qualifications Frameworks, [In:] Pilz, M. ed., The future of vocational education and training in a changing world, Wiesbaden: Springer VS: 321-340
Mehaut, P., Winch, C., (2011), EU Initiatives in Cross-National Recognition of Skills and Qualifications, [In:] Brockmann, M., Clarke, L. and Winch, C. ed., Knowledge, Skills and Competence in the European Labour Market. Whats in a vocational qualification? Abingdon-New York: Routledge
Ministerstwo Edukacji Narodowej, (2015), Założenia do projektu ustawy o zintegrowanym systemie kwalifikacji. Dokument przyjęty przez Radę Ministrów 31 marca 2015 roku, Warszawa: Ministerstwo Edukacji Narodowej
Osiecka-Chojnacka, J., (2007), Szkolnictwo zawodowe wobec problemów rynku pracy, [In:] Karpowicz, E. ed., "Rynek pracy", 3, Warszawa: Biuro Analiz Sejmowych: 67-96
Parks, D. ed., (1998), A Cross Country Analysis of Curricular Reform in Vocational Education and Training in Central and Eastern Europe. Integration of Work and Learning. Report, Turin: European Training Foundation
Pilz, M., (2002), The contrast between modular and occupational approaches to modernising vocational training, "Vocational Training: European Journal" 25: 27-33
PPMI (2014), Implementation of the Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on the establishment of a European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET), Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union
Puhani, P.A., (2000), On the identification of relative wage rigidity dynamics: a proposal for a methodology on cross-section data and empirical evidence for Poland in transition, No 2000-11, IRISS Working Paper Series, IRISS at CEPS/INSTEAD, http://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:irs:iriswp:2000-ll
Roszkowska, S., Majchrowska, A.K., (2014), Premia z wykształcenia i doświadczenia zawodowego według płci w Polsce, Warszawa: Narodowy Bank Polski, Departament Edukacji i Wydawnictw
Rutkowski, J., (1996), Changes in the Wage Structure during Economic Transition in Central and Eastern Europe, World Bank Technical Paper 340, Washington, DC.: World Bank
Rutkowski, J., (2001), Earnings Inequality in Transition Economies of Central Europe: Trends and Patterns During the 1990s. Social Protection Discussion Paper 0117 World Bank, Washington, DC
Shaw, G., (1995), Modernising Curricula in Vocational Education and Training in Poland: A Case Study, "European Journal of Education" 30(3) September: 265-275
Sławiński, S., Dębowski, H. ed., Referencing Report. Referencing the Polish Qualifications Framework for lifelong learning to the European Qualifications Framework, Warsaw: Educational Research Institute
Stanwick, J., (2009), Modularization and Modular Delivery of TVET, [In:] Maclean, R., Wilson, D. ed., International Handbook of Education for the Changing World of Work. Bridging Academic and Vocational Learning: Springer
Stęchły, W, Dębowski, H., Lewicki, J., (2013), Koncepcja systemu akumulowania i przenoszenia osiągnięć w zintegrowanym systemie kwalifikacji, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych
Stęchły, W., Tomaszuk, A., Ziewiec, G., (2013), Modernizacja kształcenia zawodowego w świetle celów polityki uczenia się przez całe życie, [In:] A. Chłoń-Domińczak ed., Raport o stanie edukacji. Liczą się efekty uczenia się, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych
Ziewiec, G., Tomaszuk A., Pierwieniecka R., Stęchły W. ed., (2015), Propozycja metody określania poziomu kwalifikacji: Rezultaty współpracy z konsultacyjnymi zespołami branżowymi marzec 2012 - wrzesień 2013, Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych