Precariat Contemporary Face of Labour Relations
Main Article Content
Abstract
Precariat refers to a situation where people are forced to make a living out of work which is low- quality, insecure, temporary, low-paid, with little or no promise of promotion, without social insurance, and often off-the-books. The concept of precariat goes beyond the form of employment and encapsulates several factors that determine whether a particular job/form of employment exposes an employee to instability of employment, lack of union protection (protection of interests), or social and economic insensitivity. The article aims, in the first place, to answer the question of whether precariat is a global phenomenon. Does it look the same in the rich North and poor South? Is it justified to view it as a structural characteristic of contemporary labour? To address the problem, the classification proposed by Rodgers and Rodgers (1989) and revised by Duell (2004) is employed.
Article Details
How to Cite
Polkowska, D. (2016). Precariat Contemporary Face of Labour Relations. Warsaw Forum of Economic Sociology, 7(13), 27–42. Retrieved from https://econjournals.sgh.waw.pl/wfes/article/view/524
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References
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Amin, S. (2010), The Law of Worldwide Value, New York, Monthly Review Press.
Barbier, J-C. (1982), L'organisation du travail, Paris: Le Sycomore.
Barbier, J-C., Brygoo, A., Viguier, F. (2002), Defining And Assessing Precarious Employment in Europe: A Review of Main Studies and Surveys a Tentative Approach To Precarious Employment in France, ESOPE Project.
Barbier, J-C. (2004), A comparative analysis of "employment precariousness", in: Learning from Employment and Welfare Policies in Europe, Letablier, M.-T. (ed.), European Research Centre: Cross-National Research Papers 7 (3): 7-18.
Bednarski, M., Frieske, K. (eds.) (2012), Zatrudnienie na czas określony w polskiej gospodarce: społeczne i ekonomiczne konsekwencje zjawiska: praca zbiorowa, Warszawa: IPiSS.
Bentes, I. (2013), Collaborative Networks and the Productive Precariat, Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies 22: 1, 27-40.
Boltanski, L., Chiapello, E. (2006), The new spirit of Capitalism, London: Verso.
Bosmans, K., Hardonk, S., De Cuyper, N., Louckx, F. and Vanroelen, Ch. (2016), Expert views on the manifestations of precarious employment in Flanders, Interface Demography Working Paper, Vrije Universiteit Brussel: 3, 1-22.
Bourdieu, P. (1998), Acts of Resistance, Against the New Myths of our Time, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Braudel, F. (1992), Kultura materialna, gospodarka i kapitalizm XV-XVIII wiek, Gry wymiany, Warszawa: PIW.
Burchielli, R., Delaney, A., Goren, N. (2014), Garment homework in Argentina: Drawing together the threads of informal and precarious work, The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 25(1): 63-80.
Burke, PJ. (1991), Identity Process and Social Stress, American Sociological Review, 56 (6): 836-849.
Butler, J. (2006), Precarious Life. The Powers of Mourning and Violence, London: Verso.
Castel, R. (2002), To Manual Workers to Wage Laborers: Transformations of the social question, Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Dörre, K. (2006a), Prekarität, in: Urban, H-J (Hrsg.): ABC zum Neoliberalismus. Hamburg: VSA: 173-175.
Dörre, K. (2006b), Prekäre Arbeit und soziale Desintegration, in: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte 40-41: 7-14.
Dörre, K., Kraemer, K., Speidel, F. (2006c), The Increasing Precariousness of the Employment Society: Driving Force for a New Right Wing Populism?, International Journal of Action Research 2(1): 98-128.
Dörre, K. (2009), La Precariedad: ¿Centro de la cuestión social en el siglo XXI? Actuel Marx Intervenciones, N°8 La pesantez de la vida cotidiana 2: 79-108.
Dörre, K. (2010), Social Class in the Process of Capitalism Landnahme. On the relevance of secondary explotation, Socialist Studies/Études socialistes 6(2): 43-74.
Duell, N. (2004) Defining and assessing precarious employment in Europe: a review of main studies and surveys, Munich: ESOPE Project.
Endo, T. (2014), Living with risk: Precarity and Bangkok's urban poor, NUS Press; Kyoto: Kyoto University Press.
Furtado, C. (1976) Prefácio a nova economia política. La formazione economica del Brasile, Río de Janeiro: Paz e Terra.
Hardt, M., Negri, A. (2012), Rzecz-pospolita, Kraków: Wyd. Korporacja Ha!art.
Kalleberg, A. (2009), Precarious Work, Insecure Workers: Employment Relations in Transition, American Sociological Review 74: 1-22.
Kalleberg, A. (2014), Measuring Precarious Work, A working paper of the Einet Measurement Group. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Kalleberg, A., Reskin, B., Hudson, K. (2000), Bad Jobs in America: Standard and Nonstandard Employment Relations and Job Quality in the United States, American Sociological Review 65(2): 256-278.
Knapińska, M. (2014), Prekariat jako zjawisko występujące na współczesnym rynku pracy w Polsce i UE, Studia Oeconomica Posnaniensia 2 (7): 94-112.
Lee, D., Hampton, M., Jeyacheya, J. (2015), The political economy of precarious work in the tourism industry in small island developing states, Review of International Political Economy, 22: 1, 194-223.
Lorey, I. (2015), State of Insecurity. Government of the Precarious. London: Verso.
Commissariat général du Plan, SET, Université de Paris I.
Millar, K.M. (2014), The Precarious Present: Wageless Labor and Disrupted Life in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Cultural Anthropology 29(1): 32-53.
Moody, K. (2001) Workers in a lean World. Unions in the international Economy, London: Verso.
Mrozowicki, A., Krasowska, A., Karolak, M. (2013a), From permanent employment to precariat: contemporary transformations in the sphere of work in Poland, in: Excess and lack, Huculak, L. et al. (eds.), Wrocław: The Eugeniusz Geppert Academy of Art and Design, Wroclaw Academic Hub: 35-43.
Mrozowicki, A., Roosalu, T., Bajuk Sencar, T. (2013b), Migrant precarity and future challenges to labour standards in Sweden, Transfer 19(2): 267-278.
Munck, R. (2013), The Precariat: A View from the South, Third World Quarterly, 43(5): 747-762.
Neffa, J.C. (1999), Crisis y emergencia de nuevos modelos productivos, in: De la Garza, E. (Coord.), Los retos teóricos de los estudios del trabajo hacia el siglo XXI, México: CLACSO.
Nicole-Drancourt, C. (1992), L'idée de précarité revisitée, Travail et Emploi 52: 57-70.
Osawa, M., Kim, M.J., Kingston, J. (2013), Precarious Work in Japan, American Behavioral Scientist 57(3): 309-334.
Palomino, H. (2004), La Argentina Hoy: Los Movimientos Sociales, Revista Herramienta 27.
Paugam, S., Zoyem, J-P., Charbonnel, J-M. (1993), Précarité et risque d'exclusion en France, Documents du CERC 109 (3), Paris: CERC.
Pitrou, A. (1978a), Vivre sans famille? Les solidarités familiales dans le monde d'aujourd'hui, Toulouse: Privat.
Pitrou, A. (1978b) La vie précaire, des familles face à leurs difficultés, Paris: Études CNAF.
Polkowska, D. (2016), Feminizacja prekariatu. Polska na tle innych krajów Europy. Annales, Etyka w życiu gospodarczym 19 (2): 31-49.
Poławski, P. (2012a), Generacja prekariuszy na polskim rynku pracy, Polityka Społeczna 9 (462): 16-22.
Poławski, P. (2012b), Prekariat: stabilizacja w gorszym segmencie rynku pracy, in: Zatrudnienie na czas określony w polskiej gospodarce: społeczne i ekonomiczne konsekwencje zjawiska: praca zbiorowa, M. Bednarski, K.W. Frieske (eds.), Warszawa: IPiSS.
Pracujący w nietypowych formach zatrudnienia, 2016, wyd. GUS.
Pye O., Daud, R. (2012), Precarious lives: Transnational biographies of migrant oil palm workers, Asia Pacific Viewpoint 53 (3).
Rodgers, G., Rodgers, J. (eds.) (1989), Precarious jobs in labour market regulation: The growth of atypical employment in Western Europe, Geneva: International Institute for Labour Studies.
Schnapper, D. (1989), Rapport à l'emploi, protection sociale et statuts sociaux, Revue française de sociologie XXX (1): 3-29.
Scott-Villiers P., Chisholm, N. Wanjiku Kelbert, A. Hossain, N. (2016), Precarious Lives: Food, Work and Care After the Global Food Crisis, Brighton UK: Institute of Development Studies and Oxfam International.
Sennett, R. (1998), The corrosion of character. The transformation of work in modern capitalism, New York: Norton and Company.
Smit, R., Rugunanan, P. (2014), From precarious lives to precarious work: The dilemma facing refugees in Gauteng, South Africa, South African Review of Sociology 45:2, 4-26.
Sowa J. (2010), Prekariat - globalny proletariat w epoce pracy niematerialnej, in: Sokołowska, J. (ed.), Robotnicy opuszczają miejsca pracy, Łódź.
Standing, G. (2014a), Prekariat: nowa niebezpieczna klasa, Warszawa: Wyd. Nauk. PWN.
Standing, G. (2014b), A Precariat Charter: From Denizens to Citizens, New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
Swider, S. (2015), Building China: precarious employment among migrant construction workers, Work, Employment and Society, 29(1): 41-59.
Szarfenberg, R. (2015), Prekariat - krótkie wprowadzenie, Tekst w ramach projektu Zakładu Teorii i Metodologii Polityki Społecznej UW, www.rszarf.ips.uw.edu.pl/pdf/prekariat. pdf, 20.02.2015.
Urbański, J. (2014) Prekariat i nowa walka klas: przeobrażenia współczesnej klasy pracowniczej i jej form walki, Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Książka i Prasa.
Von Holdt, K.E. Webster (2008), Organising on the periphery: new sources of power in the South African workplace, Employee Relations 30 (4): 333-354.
Vosko, L.F. (2000), Temporary Work: The Gendered Rise of a Precarious Employment Relationship, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Vosko, L.F. (2006), Precarious employment: towards an improved understanding of labour market insecurity, in: Vosko, L.F. (ed.), Precarious Employment: understanding labour market insecurity in Canada, Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press.
Wallerstein, I. (2004), World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction, Durham: Duke University Press.
Wilson, S., Ebert, N. (2013), Precarious work: Economic, sociological and political perspectives, The Economic and Labour Relations Review 24(3): 263-278.
Amin, S. (2010), The Law of Worldwide Value, New York, Monthly Review Press.
Barbier, J-C. (1982), L'organisation du travail, Paris: Le Sycomore.
Barbier, J-C., Brygoo, A., Viguier, F. (2002), Defining And Assessing Precarious Employment in Europe: A Review of Main Studies and Surveys a Tentative Approach To Precarious Employment in France, ESOPE Project.
Barbier, J-C. (2004), A comparative analysis of "employment precariousness", in: Learning from Employment and Welfare Policies in Europe, Letablier, M.-T. (ed.), European Research Centre: Cross-National Research Papers 7 (3): 7-18.
Bednarski, M., Frieske, K. (eds.) (2012), Zatrudnienie na czas określony w polskiej gospodarce: społeczne i ekonomiczne konsekwencje zjawiska: praca zbiorowa, Warszawa: IPiSS.
Bentes, I. (2013), Collaborative Networks and the Productive Precariat, Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies 22: 1, 27-40.
Boltanski, L., Chiapello, E. (2006), The new spirit of Capitalism, London: Verso.
Bosmans, K., Hardonk, S., De Cuyper, N., Louckx, F. and Vanroelen, Ch. (2016), Expert views on the manifestations of precarious employment in Flanders, Interface Demography Working Paper, Vrije Universiteit Brussel: 3, 1-22.
Bourdieu, P. (1998), Acts of Resistance, Against the New Myths of our Time, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Braudel, F. (1992), Kultura materialna, gospodarka i kapitalizm XV-XVIII wiek, Gry wymiany, Warszawa: PIW.
Burchielli, R., Delaney, A., Goren, N. (2014), Garment homework in Argentina: Drawing together the threads of informal and precarious work, The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 25(1): 63-80.
Burke, PJ. (1991), Identity Process and Social Stress, American Sociological Review, 56 (6): 836-849.
Butler, J. (2006), Precarious Life. The Powers of Mourning and Violence, London: Verso.
Castel, R. (2002), To Manual Workers to Wage Laborers: Transformations of the social question, Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Dörre, K. (2006a), Prekarität, in: Urban, H-J (Hrsg.): ABC zum Neoliberalismus. Hamburg: VSA: 173-175.
Dörre, K. (2006b), Prekäre Arbeit und soziale Desintegration, in: Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte 40-41: 7-14.
Dörre, K., Kraemer, K., Speidel, F. (2006c), The Increasing Precariousness of the Employment Society: Driving Force for a New Right Wing Populism?, International Journal of Action Research 2(1): 98-128.
Dörre, K. (2009), La Precariedad: ¿Centro de la cuestión social en el siglo XXI? Actuel Marx Intervenciones, N°8 La pesantez de la vida cotidiana 2: 79-108.
Dörre, K. (2010), Social Class in the Process of Capitalism Landnahme. On the relevance of secondary explotation, Socialist Studies/Études socialistes 6(2): 43-74.
Duell, N. (2004) Defining and assessing precarious employment in Europe: a review of main studies and surveys, Munich: ESOPE Project.
Endo, T. (2014), Living with risk: Precarity and Bangkok's urban poor, NUS Press; Kyoto: Kyoto University Press.
Furtado, C. (1976) Prefácio a nova economia política. La formazione economica del Brasile, Río de Janeiro: Paz e Terra.
Hardt, M., Negri, A. (2012), Rzecz-pospolita, Kraków: Wyd. Korporacja Ha!art.
Kalleberg, A. (2009), Precarious Work, Insecure Workers: Employment Relations in Transition, American Sociological Review 74: 1-22.
Kalleberg, A. (2014), Measuring Precarious Work, A working paper of the Einet Measurement Group. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Kalleberg, A., Reskin, B., Hudson, K. (2000), Bad Jobs in America: Standard and Nonstandard Employment Relations and Job Quality in the United States, American Sociological Review 65(2): 256-278.
Knapińska, M. (2014), Prekariat jako zjawisko występujące na współczesnym rynku pracy w Polsce i UE, Studia Oeconomica Posnaniensia 2 (7): 94-112.
Lee, D., Hampton, M., Jeyacheya, J. (2015), The political economy of precarious work in the tourism industry in small island developing states, Review of International Political Economy, 22: 1, 194-223.
Lorey, I. (2015), State of Insecurity. Government of the Precarious. London: Verso.
Commissariat général du Plan, SET, Université de Paris I.
Millar, K.M. (2014), The Precarious Present: Wageless Labor and Disrupted Life in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Cultural Anthropology 29(1): 32-53.
Moody, K. (2001) Workers in a lean World. Unions in the international Economy, London: Verso.
Mrozowicki, A., Krasowska, A., Karolak, M. (2013a), From permanent employment to precariat: contemporary transformations in the sphere of work in Poland, in: Excess and lack, Huculak, L. et al. (eds.), Wrocław: The Eugeniusz Geppert Academy of Art and Design, Wroclaw Academic Hub: 35-43.
Mrozowicki, A., Roosalu, T., Bajuk Sencar, T. (2013b), Migrant precarity and future challenges to labour standards in Sweden, Transfer 19(2): 267-278.
Munck, R. (2013), The Precariat: A View from the South, Third World Quarterly, 43(5): 747-762.
Neffa, J.C. (1999), Crisis y emergencia de nuevos modelos productivos, in: De la Garza, E. (Coord.), Los retos teóricos de los estudios del trabajo hacia el siglo XXI, México: CLACSO.
Nicole-Drancourt, C. (1992), L'idée de précarité revisitée, Travail et Emploi 52: 57-70.
Osawa, M., Kim, M.J., Kingston, J. (2013), Precarious Work in Japan, American Behavioral Scientist 57(3): 309-334.
Palomino, H. (2004), La Argentina Hoy: Los Movimientos Sociales, Revista Herramienta 27.
Paugam, S., Zoyem, J-P., Charbonnel, J-M. (1993), Précarité et risque d'exclusion en France, Documents du CERC 109 (3), Paris: CERC.
Pitrou, A. (1978a), Vivre sans famille? Les solidarités familiales dans le monde d'aujourd'hui, Toulouse: Privat.
Pitrou, A. (1978b) La vie précaire, des familles face à leurs difficultés, Paris: Études CNAF.
Polkowska, D. (2016), Feminizacja prekariatu. Polska na tle innych krajów Europy. Annales, Etyka w życiu gospodarczym 19 (2): 31-49.
Poławski, P. (2012a), Generacja prekariuszy na polskim rynku pracy, Polityka Społeczna 9 (462): 16-22.
Poławski, P. (2012b), Prekariat: stabilizacja w gorszym segmencie rynku pracy, in: Zatrudnienie na czas określony w polskiej gospodarce: społeczne i ekonomiczne konsekwencje zjawiska: praca zbiorowa, M. Bednarski, K.W. Frieske (eds.), Warszawa: IPiSS.
Pracujący w nietypowych formach zatrudnienia, 2016, wyd. GUS.
Pye O., Daud, R. (2012), Precarious lives: Transnational biographies of migrant oil palm workers, Asia Pacific Viewpoint 53 (3).
Rodgers, G., Rodgers, J. (eds.) (1989), Precarious jobs in labour market regulation: The growth of atypical employment in Western Europe, Geneva: International Institute for Labour Studies.
Schnapper, D. (1989), Rapport à l'emploi, protection sociale et statuts sociaux, Revue française de sociologie XXX (1): 3-29.
Scott-Villiers P., Chisholm, N. Wanjiku Kelbert, A. Hossain, N. (2016), Precarious Lives: Food, Work and Care After the Global Food Crisis, Brighton UK: Institute of Development Studies and Oxfam International.
Sennett, R. (1998), The corrosion of character. The transformation of work in modern capitalism, New York: Norton and Company.
Smit, R., Rugunanan, P. (2014), From precarious lives to precarious work: The dilemma facing refugees in Gauteng, South Africa, South African Review of Sociology 45:2, 4-26.
Sowa J. (2010), Prekariat - globalny proletariat w epoce pracy niematerialnej, in: Sokołowska, J. (ed.), Robotnicy opuszczają miejsca pracy, Łódź.
Standing, G. (2014a), Prekariat: nowa niebezpieczna klasa, Warszawa: Wyd. Nauk. PWN.
Standing, G. (2014b), A Precariat Charter: From Denizens to Citizens, New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
Swider, S. (2015), Building China: precarious employment among migrant construction workers, Work, Employment and Society, 29(1): 41-59.
Szarfenberg, R. (2015), Prekariat - krótkie wprowadzenie, Tekst w ramach projektu Zakładu Teorii i Metodologii Polityki Społecznej UW, www.rszarf.ips.uw.edu.pl/pdf/prekariat. pdf, 20.02.2015.
Urbański, J. (2014) Prekariat i nowa walka klas: przeobrażenia współczesnej klasy pracowniczej i jej form walki, Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy Książka i Prasa.
Von Holdt, K.E. Webster (2008), Organising on the periphery: new sources of power in the South African workplace, Employee Relations 30 (4): 333-354.
Vosko, L.F. (2000), Temporary Work: The Gendered Rise of a Precarious Employment Relationship, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Vosko, L.F. (2006), Precarious employment: towards an improved understanding of labour market insecurity, in: Vosko, L.F. (ed.), Precarious Employment: understanding labour market insecurity in Canada, Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press.
Wallerstein, I. (2004), World-Systems Analysis: An Introduction, Durham: Duke University Press.
Wilson, S., Ebert, N. (2013), Precarious work: Economic, sociological and political perspectives, The Economic and Labour Relations Review 24(3): 263-278.