What Determines Entrepreneurial Orientation of Polish Internationalized Firms?
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Published:
Jul 29, 2019
Keywords:
entrepreneurial orientation, international entrepreneurship, internationalization of the firm, international entrepreneurship culture
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Abstract
This article focuses on entrepreneurial orientation during the internationalisation process of the firm, which is one of the main research streams within international entrepreneurship.
The main goal of the article is to discuss and elaborate on the basics of international entrepreneurial orientation, its fundamentals and principles and to answer the question what determines entrepreneurial orientation of Polish internationalized firms. The paper presents the results of the survey based on stratified random sampling of 355 Polish internationalized firms. Applying t statistics, the following results were observed. Firms having foreign branches or subsidies abroad are more entrepreneurial. Firms based on the local business domain are more entrepreneurial. High-tech firms are more entrepreneurial. High-growth firms are more entrepreneurial than firms which note traditional growth dynamics. Hyper-growth firms are more entrepreneurial than other firms, also than highgrowth companies. Innovative firms are more entrepreneurial. Strategically-orientated firms are more entrepreneurial. Firms cooperating in any networks are more entrepreneurial.
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How to Cite
Wach, K. (2019). What Determines Entrepreneurial Orientation of Polish Internationalized Firms?. Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, (30), 43–65. https://doi.org/10.33119/JMFS.2017.30.3
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References
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12. Dimitratos P., Plakoyiannaki E., Theoretical foundations of an international entrepreneurial culture, “Journal of International Entrepreneurship” 2003, 1 (2), pp. 187–215.
13. Etemad H., Entrepreneurial Orientation – Performance Relationship in the International Context, “Journal of International Entrepreneurship” 2015, 13 (1), pp. 1–6.
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22. Khandwalla P., The Design of Organizations, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York 1977.
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26. Kowalik I., Danik L., Král P., Řezanková H.,Antecedents of Accelerated Internationalisation of Polish and Czech Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, “Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review” 2017, 5 (3), pp. 31–48, https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2017.050302.
27. Kuivalainen O., Sundqvist S., Servais P., Firms’ degree of born-globalness, international entrepreneurial orientation and expert performance, “Journal of World Business” 2007, 42 (3), pp. 253–267.
28. Lumpkin G. T., Dess G. G., Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance, “Academy of Management Review” 1996, 21 (1), pp. 135–172.
29. Lumpkin G. T., Dess, G. G., Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle, “Journal of Business Venturing” 2001, 16 (5), pp. 429–451.
30. McDougall P. P., Ovatt B. M., International entrepreneurship: The intersection of two research paths, “Academy of Management Journal” 2000, 43 (5), pp. 902–909.
31. Miller D., The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms, “Management Science” 1983, 29 (7), pp. 770–791.
32. Mostafa R. H. A., Wheeler C., Jones M. V., Entrepreneurial orientation, commitment to the Internet and export performance in small and medium sized exporting firms, “Journal of International Entrepreneurship” 2006, 3 (1), pp. 291–302.
33. Mtigwe B., Theoretical Milestones in International Business: The Journey to International Entrepreneurship Theory, “Journal of International Entrepreneurship” 2006, 4 (1), pp. 5–25.
34. Obloj K., Weinstein M., Zhang Sh., Self-Limiting Dominant Logic: An Exploratory Study of Chinese Entrepreneurial Firms, “Journal of East-West Business” 2013, 19 (4), pp. 291–316, doi: 10.1080/10669868.2013.847888.
35. Oviatt B. M., McDougall P. P., Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling the speed of internationalization, “Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice” 2005, 29 (5), pp. 537–553.
36. Rauch A., Wiklund J., Lumpkin G. T., Frese M., Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestions for the future, “Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice” 2009, 33 (3), pp. 761–787.
37. Ripollés-Meliá M., Menguzzato-Boulard M., Sánchez-Peinado, L., Entrepreneurial orientation and international commitment, “Journal of International Entrepreneurship” 2007, 5 (3-4), pp. 65–83, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-007-0016–0.
38. Slevin D., Terjesen P. S. A., Entrepreneurial orientation: Reviewing three papers and implications for further theoretical and methodological development, “Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice” 2011, 35 (5), pp. 973–987.
39. Sundqvist S., Kylaheiko K., Kuivalainen O., Kirznerian and Schumpeterian entrepreneurial oriented behavior in turbulent export markets, “International Marketing Review” 2012, 29 (2), pp. 203–219.
40. Volkmann C. K., Tokarski K. O., Grunhagen M., Entrepreneurship in a European Perspective, Gabler Verlag, Berlin 2010.
41. Wach K., Orientacja przedsiębiorcza a wiedza w początkowym i dojrzałym etapie procesu internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw, “Studia Ekonomiczne – Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach” 2017, no. 319, pp. 268–292.
42. Wach K., Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Internationalisation Process: The Theoretical Foundations of International Entrepreneurship, “Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review” 2015, 3 (2), pp. 9–24, doi: 10.15678/EBER.2015.030202.
43. Wach K., Exploring the Role of Ownership in International Entrepreneurship: How does Ownership Affect Internationalisation of Polish Firms?, “Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review” 2017, 5 (4), pp. 205–223, https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2017.050410.
44. Wach K., Impact of Cultural and Social Norms on Entrepreneurship in the EU: Cross-Country Evidence based on GEM Survey Results, “Zarządzanie w Kulturze” 2015, 16 (1), pp. 15–29, doi: 10.4467/20843976ZK.15.002.3037.
45. Wang C. L., Entrepreneurial orientation, learning orientation, and firm performance, “Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice” 2015, 32 (4), pp. 635–657.
46. Wiklund J., Shepherd D., Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: a configurational approach, “Journal of Business Venturing” 2015, 20 (1), pp. 71–91.
47. Zahra S. A., Governance, ownership, and corporate entrepreneurship: the moderating impact of industry technical opportunities, “The Academy of Management Journal” 1996, 39 (6), pp. 1713–1735, doi: 10.2307/257076.
48. Żur A., Wałęga A., Routines do matter: role of internal communication in firm-level entrepreneurship, “Baltic Journal of Management” 2015, 10 (1), pp. 119–139, doi: 10.1108/BJM-11-2013–0166.
2. Autio E., Sapienza H. J., Almeida J. G., Effects of age at entry, knowledge intensity, and imitability on international growth, “Academy of Management Journal” 2000, 43 (5), pp. 909–924.
3. Basso O., Fayolle A., Bouchard V., Entrepreneurial orientation: The making of a concept, “Entrepreneurship and Innovation” 2009, 10 (4), pp. 313–321.
4. Bruton G. D., Lau C–M., Obloj K., Institutions, resources and firm strategies: a comparative analysis of entrepreneurial firms in three transitional economies, “European Journal of International Management” 2014, 8 (6), pp. 697–720.
5. Covin J. G., Slevin D. P., Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments, “Strategic Management Journal” 1989, 10 (1), pp. 75–87.
6. Covin J. G., Slevin D. P., A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behaviour, “Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice” 1991, 16 (1), pp. 7–25.
7. Covin J. G, Lumpkin G. T., Entrepreneurial Orientation Theory and Research: Reflections on a Needed Construct, “Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice” 2011, 35 (5), pp. 855–872.
8. Covin J. G., Miller D., International entrepreneurial orientation: conceptual considerations, research themes, measurement issues, and future research directions, “Entrepreneurship
Theory and Practice” 2014, 38 (1), pp. 11–44, doi: 10.1111/etap.12027.
9. Dai L., Maksimov V., Gilbert B. A., Fernhaber S. A., Entrepreneurial orientation and international scope: The differential roles of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risktaking, “Journal of Business Venturing” 2014, 29 (4), pp. 511–524.
10. Davis D., Morris M., Allen J., Perceived environmental turbulence and its effect on selected entrepreneurship, marketing, and organizational characteristics in industrial firms, “Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science” 1991, 19 (1), pp. 43–51.
11. Dess G. G., Lumpkin G. T., The role of entrepreneurial orientation in stimulating corporate entrepreneurship: research briefs, “Academy of Management Executive” 2005, 19 (1), pp. 147–156.
12. Dimitratos P., Plakoyiannaki E., Theoretical foundations of an international entrepreneurial culture, “Journal of International Entrepreneurship” 2003, 1 (2), pp. 187–215.
13. Etemad H., Entrepreneurial Orientation – Performance Relationship in the International Context, “Journal of International Entrepreneurship” 2015, 13 (1), pp. 1–6.
14. Freeman S., Cavusgil S. T., Toward a typology of commitment states among managers of born global firms: A study of accelerated internationalization, “Journal of International
Marketing” 2007, 15 (4), pp. 1–40.
15. Frishammar J., Andersson S. The overestimated role of strategic orientations for international performance in smaller firms, “Journal of International Entrepreneurship” 2009, 7 (1), pp. 57–77.
16. Gaweł A., Proces przedsiębiorczy: tworzenie nowych przedsiębiorstw, Difin, Warszawa 2013.
17. Gaweł A., Entrepreneurship – A Theoretical Approach (chapter 1), [in:] M. Rekowski (Ed.), Entrepreneurial Tissue and Regional Economy: Case Studies of Selected Polish and Spanish Regions, The Poznan University of Economics Publishing House, Poznań 2008, pp. 11–25.
18. Glavas Ch., Mathews Sh., How international entrepreneurship characteristics influence Internet capabilities for the international business processes of the firm, “International
Business Review” 2014, 23 (1), pp. 228–245, doi: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2013.04.001.
19. Gupta V. K, Gupta A., Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Firm Performance in Large Organizations over Time, “Journal of International Entrepreneurship” 2015, 13 (1), pp. 7–27.
20. Jantunen A., Puumalainen K., Saarenketo S., Kylaheiko K., Entrepreneurial orientation, dynamic capabilities and international performance, “Journal of International Entrepreneurship” 2005, 3 (3), pp. 232–243.
21. Jones M., Coviello N. E., Internationalization: Conceptualising an Entrepreneurial Process of Behaviour in Time, “Journal of International Business Studies” 2005, 36 (3), pp. 284–303.
22. Khandwalla P., The Design of Organizations, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York 1977.
23. Knight G. A., Emerging paradigm for international marketing: The born-global firm, Doctoral dissertation, Michigan State University, East Lansign MI 1997.
24. Knight G. A., Entrepreneurship and strategy in the international SME, “Journal of International Management” 2001, 7 (3), pp. 155–171.
25. Knight G. A., Cavusgil S. T., Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born global firm, “Journal of International Business Studies” 2004, 35 (2), pp. 124–141.
26. Kowalik I., Danik L., Král P., Řezanková H.,Antecedents of Accelerated Internationalisation of Polish and Czech Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, “Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review” 2017, 5 (3), pp. 31–48, https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2017.050302.
27. Kuivalainen O., Sundqvist S., Servais P., Firms’ degree of born-globalness, international entrepreneurial orientation and expert performance, “Journal of World Business” 2007, 42 (3), pp. 253–267.
28. Lumpkin G. T., Dess G. G., Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance, “Academy of Management Review” 1996, 21 (1), pp. 135–172.
29. Lumpkin G. T., Dess, G. G., Linking two dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation to firm performance: The moderating role of environment and industry life cycle, “Journal of Business Venturing” 2001, 16 (5), pp. 429–451.
30. McDougall P. P., Ovatt B. M., International entrepreneurship: The intersection of two research paths, “Academy of Management Journal” 2000, 43 (5), pp. 902–909.
31. Miller D., The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms, “Management Science” 1983, 29 (7), pp. 770–791.
32. Mostafa R. H. A., Wheeler C., Jones M. V., Entrepreneurial orientation, commitment to the Internet and export performance in small and medium sized exporting firms, “Journal of International Entrepreneurship” 2006, 3 (1), pp. 291–302.
33. Mtigwe B., Theoretical Milestones in International Business: The Journey to International Entrepreneurship Theory, “Journal of International Entrepreneurship” 2006, 4 (1), pp. 5–25.
34. Obloj K., Weinstein M., Zhang Sh., Self-Limiting Dominant Logic: An Exploratory Study of Chinese Entrepreneurial Firms, “Journal of East-West Business” 2013, 19 (4), pp. 291–316, doi: 10.1080/10669868.2013.847888.
35. Oviatt B. M., McDougall P. P., Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling the speed of internationalization, “Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice” 2005, 29 (5), pp. 537–553.
36. Rauch A., Wiklund J., Lumpkin G. T., Frese M., Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: An assessment of past research and suggestions for the future, “Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice” 2009, 33 (3), pp. 761–787.
37. Ripollés-Meliá M., Menguzzato-Boulard M., Sánchez-Peinado, L., Entrepreneurial orientation and international commitment, “Journal of International Entrepreneurship” 2007, 5 (3-4), pp. 65–83, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-007-0016–0.
38. Slevin D., Terjesen P. S. A., Entrepreneurial orientation: Reviewing three papers and implications for further theoretical and methodological development, “Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice” 2011, 35 (5), pp. 973–987.
39. Sundqvist S., Kylaheiko K., Kuivalainen O., Kirznerian and Schumpeterian entrepreneurial oriented behavior in turbulent export markets, “International Marketing Review” 2012, 29 (2), pp. 203–219.
40. Volkmann C. K., Tokarski K. O., Grunhagen M., Entrepreneurship in a European Perspective, Gabler Verlag, Berlin 2010.
41. Wach K., Orientacja przedsiębiorcza a wiedza w początkowym i dojrzałym etapie procesu internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw, “Studia Ekonomiczne – Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach” 2017, no. 319, pp. 268–292.
42. Wach K., Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Internationalisation Process: The Theoretical Foundations of International Entrepreneurship, “Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review” 2015, 3 (2), pp. 9–24, doi: 10.15678/EBER.2015.030202.
43. Wach K., Exploring the Role of Ownership in International Entrepreneurship: How does Ownership Affect Internationalisation of Polish Firms?, “Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review” 2017, 5 (4), pp. 205–223, https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2017.050410.
44. Wach K., Impact of Cultural and Social Norms on Entrepreneurship in the EU: Cross-Country Evidence based on GEM Survey Results, “Zarządzanie w Kulturze” 2015, 16 (1), pp. 15–29, doi: 10.4467/20843976ZK.15.002.3037.
45. Wang C. L., Entrepreneurial orientation, learning orientation, and firm performance, “Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice” 2015, 32 (4), pp. 635–657.
46. Wiklund J., Shepherd D., Entrepreneurial orientation and small business performance: a configurational approach, “Journal of Business Venturing” 2015, 20 (1), pp. 71–91.
47. Zahra S. A., Governance, ownership, and corporate entrepreneurship: the moderating impact of industry technical opportunities, “The Academy of Management Journal” 1996, 39 (6), pp. 1713–1735, doi: 10.2307/257076.
48. Żur A., Wałęga A., Routines do matter: role of internal communication in firm-level entrepreneurship, “Baltic Journal of Management” 2015, 10 (1), pp. 119–139, doi: 10.1108/BJM-11-2013–0166.