Enlargement and transition. Mobile scientists in the growing European Union
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Published:
Jun 14, 2007
Keywords:
mobility of researchers, EU enlargement, transition periods, free flows of persons
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article aims to analyse the impact of transitional periods on researchers’ mobility decisions in the enlarging Europe. A compilation of policy and law analyses, together with social research, is the adopted method for this study. Countries under research are Poland and Bulgaria, as sending countries, and Germany and the UK, representing the EU member states that opted for and against transitional periods, respectively. The political environment in Europe, in which researcher’s mobility is taking place, is presented along with the characteristics of scientific mobility as part of the international migratory flows. The question asked is, how the perception of enlargement influences mobility decisions of scientists. The results of qualitative research proved only to a certain extent the hypothesis, that countries with no transitional periods introduced were more attractive for scientists from new member states than the countries with such periods introduced. The analysis showed that although various administrative and legal barriers do represent impediments to scientific mobility, yet they were not usually decisive factors for mobility.
Article Details
How to Cite
Kicinger, A. (2007). Enlargement and transition. Mobile scientists in the growing European Union. Studia Demograficzne, (1(151), 84–110. Retrieved from https://econjournals.sgh.waw.pl/SD/article/view/2613
Section
Original research papers & review papers
References
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[3] Ackers L., Gill B., 2005, Attracting and Retaining ‘Early Career’ Researchers in English HEIs: Is There a Problem?, “Innovation. The European Journal of Social Sciences”, Vol. 18 (3).
[4] Baláz V., Williams A.M., Kollár D., 2004, Temporary versus Permanent Youth Brain Drain: Economic Implications, “International Migration”, Vol. 42(4).
[5] Bijak J., Kupiszewski M., Kicinger A., 2004, International Migration Scenarios for 27 European Countries 2002-2052, CEFMR Working Paper 4/2004.
[6] Byrska M., 2004, ‘The Unfinished Enlargement’. Report on Free Movement of People in EU-25, European Citizen Action Service, Belgium.
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[12] European Commission, 2005, Implementation Report 2004 on ‘A Mobility Strategy for the European Research Area’ and ‘Researchers in the ERA: one profession, multiple careers’, Commission Staff Working Document, SEC (2005) 474.
[13] European Commission, 2006, Report on the Functioning of the Transitional Arrangements set out in the 2003 Accession Treaty (period 1 May 2004–30 April 2006), Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of Regions, COM (2006) 48 final.
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[16] European Communities, 2000c, Council Directive 2000/78/EC of 27 November 2000 establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation, OJ L 303of 2.12.2000.
[17] European Communities, 2003a, Act concerning the conditions of accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic and the adjustments to the Treaties on which the European Union is founded, OJ C 227E of 23.09.2003.
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[19] European Communities, 2004a, Directive 2004/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States; OJ L 229 of 29.06.2004.
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[28] Favell A., Hansen R., 2002, Market against politics: migration, EU enlargement and the idea of Europe, “Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies”, Vol. 28(4).
[29] Guild E., 2004, The Legal Framework of EU Migration, IMIS-Beiträge 25/2004.
[30] Home Office, 2007, Accession Monitoring Report A8 countries. May 2004–March 2007, Home Office, London.
[31] Iredale R., 1999, The Need to Import Skilled Personnel: Factors Favouring and Hindering its International Mobility, “International Migration”, Vol. 37(1).
[32] Iredale R., 2001, The Migration of Professionals: Theories and Typologies, “International Migration”, Vol. 39(5).
[33] King R., 2002, Towards a New Map of European Migration, “International Journal of Population Geography”, Vol. 8.
[34] King R., Ruiz-Gelices E., 2003, International Student Migration and the European ‘Year Abroad’: Effect on European Identity and Subsequent Migration Behaviour, “International Journal of Population Geography”, Vol. 9.
[35] Maas W., 2002, Free Movement and EU Enlargement, Paper prepared for the Fifth Biennial Conference of the European Community Studies Association – Canada, Toronto.
[36] MacLaughlan G., Salt J., 2002, Migration Policies Towards Highly Skilled Foreign Workers, Home Office, London.
[37] Mahroum S., 1999, Highly Skilled Globetrotters: The International Migration of Human Capital, [in:] OECD (ed.) Mobilizing Human Resources for Innovation. Proceedings of the OECD Workshop on Science and Technology Labour Markets, OECD, Paris.
[38] Mahroum S., 2001, Europe and the Immigration of Highly Skilled Labour, “International Migration”, Vol. 39(5).
[39] Massey D.S., 1999, Why Does Immigration Occur? A Theoretical Synthesis, [in:] Hirschmann Ch., Kasinitz Ph., DeWind J. (eds.), The Handbook of International Migration: The American Experience, Russel Sage Foundation, New York.
[40] Meyer J., Brown M., 1999, Scientific Diasporas: A New Approach to the Brain Drain, MOST Discussion Paper No. 41.
[41] Morano-Foadi S., 2005, Scientific Mobility, Career Progression, and Excellence in the European Research Area, “International Migration”, Vol. 43(5).
[42] Olivier L., 2005, Rewards: The Issue of Pay, CSPL Working Paper 2005-4, University of Leeds.
[43] Residence Act of 30 June 2004 last amended by the Act Amending the Residence Act and other acts of 14 March 2005, “Federal Law Gazette”, Vol. 2004/I, No. 41, accessible from: http://www.zuwanderung.de/english/downloads/aufenthgengl.pdf.
[44] Rhode B., 1993, Brain drain, brain gain, brain waste: reflections on the emigration of highly educated and scientific personnel from Eastern Europe [in:] King R. (ed.), The New Geography of European Migrations, Belhaven, London.
[45] Salt J., 1988, Highly-skilled International Migrants, Careers and Internal Labour Markets, “Geoforum”, Vol. 19(4).
[46] Salt J., 2005, Current Trends in International Migration in Europe, Council of Europe, Strasbourg.
[47] Salt J., Findley A., 1989, International migration of highly-skilled manpower: theoretical and development issues, [in:] Appleyard R. (ed.), The Impact of International Migration on Developing Countries, OECD, Paris.
[48] Stalford H., 2003, The Impact of Enlargement on Free Movement: A Critique of Transitional Periods, paper presented at the Third Meeting of the UACES Study Group on the Evolving EU Migration Law and Policy, The University of Liverpool.
[49] Stalford H., 2005, Parenting, Care and Mobility in the EU. Issues facing migrant scientists. “Innovation. The European Journal of Social Sciences”, Vol. 18(3).
[50] Williams A.M., Baláz V., Wallace C., 2004, International Labour Mobility and Uneven Regional Development in Europe, “European Urban and Regional Studies”, Vol. 11(1).