Psychosocial dimensions of the work environment of medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Main Article Content

Aleksandra Czarnecka
Anna Albrychiewicz-Słocińska

Abstract

The work environment of medical workers changed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. It concerned not only physical, chemical, biological, but also psychosocial factors shaping working conditions. The study focuses on presenting the results of research carried out during the pandemic on a group of medical workers regarding the psychosocial aspects of a safe work environment. STATISTICA software was used in the process of developing research results. To assess the significance of differences in variables analyzed, non-parametric tests were used: Mann-Whitney U test (UMW), Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test (AKW). Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient was used to assess the strength of correlations between variables. The research results revealed a significant deterioration of the psychosocial dimension of the work environment in relation to medical workers employed in public health care units, in particular in hospitals, including single- name hospitals. The results also indicate a very strong relationship between the family/home situation of the respondents and their feelings about security, satisfaction, and meaning of work.

Downloads

Article Details

How to Cite
Czarnecka, A., & Albrychiewicz-Słocińska, A. (2025). Psychosocial dimensions of the work environment of medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, (52), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.33119/JMFS.2024.52.3
Section
Articles

References

Abukhalil, A. D., Naseef, H. A., Zayed, N., Ali, R., Bazzar, Z., Al-Shami, N. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Clinical Manifestations and Risk Factors among Healthcare Workers In Palestine. Open Public Health Journal, 15 (1), https://doi.org/10.2174/18749445‑v15‑e221117-2022-80

Baas, M., De Dren, C. K. W., Nijstad, A. B. (2008). A meta-analysis of 25 years of mood-creativity research: hedonic tone, activation, or regulatory focus? Technological Bulletin, 134 (6), pp.779–806.

Barros, C., Baylina, P., Fernandes, R., Ramalho, S., Arezes, P. (2022). Healthcare Workers’ Mental Health in Pandemic Times: The Predict Role of Psychosocial Risks. Safety and Health at Work, 13 (4), pp. 415–420, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2022.08.004

Bellehsen, M. H., Cook, H. M., Shaam, P., Burns, D., D’Amico, P., Goldberg, A., McManus, M. B., Sapra, M., Thomas, L., Wacha-Montes, A., Zenzerovich, G., Watson, P., Westphal, R. J., Schwartz, R. M. (2024). Adapting the Stress First Aid Model for Frontline Healthcare Workers during COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21 (2). Scopus, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21020171

Boucher, A., Sheng, L., Ho, C. (2018). Psychological Safety: An Essential Constituent of COMPASS.Directions, 3 (3), pp. 1–15.

Chigwedere, O. C., Sadath, A., Kabir, Z., Arensman, E. (2021). The impact of epidemics and pandemics on the mental health of healthcare workers: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (13), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136695

Dagenais, C., Kielende, M., Coulibaly, A., Gautier, L., David, P.‑M., Peiffer-Smadja, N., Honda, A., de Araújo Oliveira, S. R., Traverson, L., Zinszer, K., Ridde, V. (2023). Lessons Learned from Field Experiences on Hospitals’ Resilience to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Approach. Health Systems and Reform, 9 (2), https://doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2023.2231644

Edmondson, A. C., Lei, Z. (2014). Psychological Safety: The History, Renaissance, and Future of an Interpersonal Construct. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1, pp. 23–43.

Edwards, N., La, A., Keku, E. O., Telesford, L. (2023). Workplace safety and occupational health hazards at the General Hospital in Grenada, West Indies. Public Health: Implications of Health Behaviors and Diseases, 15 (1), pp. 119–129.

Główny Urząd Statystyczny, GUS (Statistics Poland) (2018), https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/zdrowie/zdrowie/zdrowie-i-ochrona-zdrowia-w-2018‑roku,1,9.html [accessed: 8.03.2023].

Goniewicz, M., Włoszczak-Szubzda, A., Al-Wathinani, A. M., Goniewicz, K. (2023). Resilience in Emergency Medicine during COVID-19: Evaluating Staff Expectations and Preparedness. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13 (11), p. 1545, https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13111545

Gustavsson, K., Goetz-Kundera, Z., Flaga-Łuczkiewicz, M., Wichniak, A. (2023). Which Aspects of Work Safety Satisfaction Are Important to Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20 (4), p. 2870, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042870

Hallam, K. T., Popovic, N., Karimi, L. (2023). Identifying the Key Elements of Psychologically Safe Workplaces in Healthcare Settings. Brain Sciences, 13 (10), p. 1450, https://doi.org/10.3390/ brainsci13101450

Harrison, M., Lancaster, K., Rhodes, T. (2023). The fluid hospital: On the making of care environments in COVID-19. Health and Place, 83, p. 103107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103107

Hou, R., Traverson, L., Chabrol, F., Gautier, L., de Araújo Oliveira, S. R., David, P.‑M., Lucet, J.‑C., Zinszer, K., Ridde, V. (2023). Communication and Information Strategies Implemented by Four Hospitals in Brazil, Canada, and France to Deal with COVID-19 Healthcare-Associated

Infections. Health Systems and Reform, 9 (2), https://doi.org/10.1080/23288604.2023.2223812

Jan Paweł II (1986). Encyklika Laborem exercens, [w:] J. Gałkowski (ed.), Laborem exercens. Tekst i komentarze. Lublin: Redakcja Wydawnictw KUL.

Jakimiuk, B. (2016). Środowisko pracy jako obszar budowania poczucia własnej wartości i relacji z innymi [Working Environment as an Area of Building Self-esteem and Relationships with Other People]. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sekcja J – Pedagogia-Psychologia, 29 (4), pp. 43–54. DOI 10.17951/j.2016.29.4.43.

Jasińska, J. (2010). Stosunki i warunki pracy. In: T. Listwan (Ed.), Zarządzanie kadrami. Warszawa: C. H. Beck.

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 33 (4), pp. 692–724.

Kalrao, V., Srivastava, L., & Kumar, S. (2023). Parenting stress and associated factors in healthcare workers after the second wave of COVID-19 in India: A two-center cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1246540

Karakose, T., Malkoc, N. (2021). Behavioral and interpersonal effects of the covid-19 epidemic on frontline physicians working in emergency departments (EDs) and intensive care units (ICUs). Acta Medica Mediterranea, 37 (1), pp. 437–444, https://doi.org/10.19193/0393–6384_2021_1_68

Kitler, W. (2001), Obrona narodowa w wybranych państwach demokratycznych. Warszawa: Wyd. AON.

Kiwanuka, S. N., Babirye, Z., Kabwama, S. N., Tusubira, A. K., Kizito, S., Ndejjo, R., Bosonkie, M., Egbende, L., Bondo, B., Mapatano, M. A., Seck, I., Bassoum, O., Leye, M. M. M., Diallo, I., Fawole, O. I., Bello, S., Salawu, M. M., Bamgboye, E. A., Dairo, M. D., … Wanyenze, R. K. (2024). Health workforce incentives and dis-incentives during the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences from Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, Senegal, and Uganda. BMC Health Services Research, 24 (1). Scopus, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-10822-6

Kołodziejczyk, A. (2007). Bezpieczeństwo jako fenomen społeczny: pojęcie bezpieczeństwa, jego interpretacje i odmiany. Seaculum Christianum: pismo historyczno-społeczne, 14 (1), pp. 223–252.

Korpus, J. (2008). Ocena jakości środowiska pracy w przedsiębiorstwach produkcyjnych. In: J. Jakubowski, J. Wątroba (Eds.), Zastosowania metod statystycznych w badaniach naukowych III. Kraków: StatSoft Polska.

Koziej, S. (2011). Bezpieczeństwo: istota, podstawowe kategorie i historyczna ewolucja. Bezpieczeństwo Narodowe, 18, pp. 19–39.

Kwiecień-Jaguś, K., Wujtewicz, M. (2015). Analiza obciążenia pracą personelu pielęgniarskiego oddziałów anestezjologii i intensywnej terapii na podstawie polskojęzycznej wersji kwestionariusza japońskiego. Problemy Higieny i Epidemiologii, 96 (1), pp. 128–137.

Li, Q., Zhu, Y., Qi, X., Lu, H., Han, N., Xiang, Y., Guo, J., Wang, L. (2024). Posttraumatic growth of medical staff during COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. BMC Public Health, 24 (1). Scopus, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17591-7

Lusk, J. B., Manandhar, P., Thomas, L. E., O’Brien, E. C. (2024). Association between characteristics of employing healthcare facilities and healthcare worker infection rates and psychosocial experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Health Services Research, 24 (1). Scopus, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11109-6

Lutostański, M. (2015). Podstawy bezpieczeństwa narodowego. Studium problemów teoretycznych. Toruń: Wyd. Adam Marszałek.

Nafei, W. A. (2016). Organizational Silence: A Barrier to Organizational Change. Case Studies Journal, 5 (9), pp. 86–105.

Newman, A., Donohue, R., Eva, N. (2017). Psychological Safety: A Systemic Review of the Literature. Human Resource Management Review, 27 (3), pp. 521–535.

O’Donovan, R., McAuliffe, E. (2020). A Systematic Review Exploring the Content and Outcomes of Interventions to Improve Psychological Safety, Speaking up and Voice Behaviour. BMC Health Services Research, 20 (1), pp. 1–11.

Poland country snapshot: Public health agencies and services in the response to COVID-19 (n.d.), from https://eurohealthobservatory.who.int/news-room/ articles/poland-country-snapshot-public-health-agencies-and-services-in-the-response-to-covid-19 [accessed: 8.03.2023].

Pocztowski, A. (2008). Zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi. Strategie – procesy – metody. Warszawa: Polskie Wydawnictwo Ekonomiczne.

Robert, G., Hockey, J. (2003). Środowisko pracy a wykonanie pracy, [w:] N. Chmiel (ed.), Psychologia pracy i organizacji. Gdańsk: Gdańskie Wydawnictwo Psychologiczne.

Rogowska, D. (2020). Rola zdrowego środowiska pracy w kontekście funkcjonowania pracowników w organizacji. Zarys problematyki [Healthy work environment and the functioning of employees in the organization. Outline of the problem]. Edukacja Ustawiczna Dorosłych, 3, pp. 161–170. DOI: 10.34866/rke8‑pr86.

Saifullah, Ma, Z., Li, M., Maqbool, M. Q. (2023). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers (HCWs) in Sindh Province of Pakistan. Health Research Policy and Systems, 21 (1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-023-01022-5

Sakai, K., Igarashi, Y., Tounai, S., Shirai, C., Tsurugi, Y., Kakuno, F., Komasa, Y., Fujimura, M., Uruha, M., Mori, K., Tateishi, S. (2024). Key issues in Japan’s public health centers to prepare for future pandemics: A text mining study using a topic model. BMC Health Services Research, 24 (1). Scopus, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-11094‑w Schein, E. H., Bennis, W. G. (1965). Personal and Organizational Change trough Group Methods: The Laboratory Approach. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Schultz D. P., Schultz S. E. (2006) Psychologia a wyzwania dzisiejszej pracy. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Sivaprakash, P., Akshaya, A. V. R. (2022). Post-Covid Workplace Scenario – Employer and Employee Health and Safety. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 12 (4), pp. 264–268, https://doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v12i4.42225

Skýpalová, R., Stojanová, H., Troger, H., Caha, Z. (2023). Human Resource Management across Generations within the Context of World of Work 4.0. Emerging Science Journal, 7 (3), pp. 843–853, https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-03-013

Souadka, A., Essangri, H., Benkabbou, A., Amrani, L., Majbar, M. A. (2020). COVID-19 and Healthcare worker’s families: Behind the scenes of frontline response. EClinicalMedicine, 23, p. 100373, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100373

Starkweather, S., DePierro, J. M., Akhtar, S., de Guillebon, E., Kaplan, C., Kaplan, S., Ripp, J., Peccoralo, L., Feingold, J., Feder, A., Murrough, J. W., Pietrzak, R. H. (2023). Predictors of Mental Health Service Utilization among Frontline Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20 (7), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075326

Steinerowska-Streb, I. (2020), Bezpieczeństwo psychologiczne w organizacji z perspektywy nauk o zarządzaniu i jakości. Przegląd Organizacji, 9 (968), pp. 3–11. DOI: 10.33141/po.2020.09.01.

Sunny, G., Lalkrishna, S., James, J., Suprasannan, S. (2024). A critical review of personal protective equipments in relation to pandemics. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 36 (1), pp. 168–186. Scopus, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCST-08-2022-0116

Szweda, E. (2017). Zarzadzanie humanistyczne bezpieczeństwem człowieka i społeczności lokalnych. Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie, 18 (5), part 3. Łódź – Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Społecznej Akademii Nauk, pp. 11–21.

Tarczoń, M. (2017a). Środowisko pracy personelu medycznego cz.1 Czynniki fizyczne. ATEST – OCHRONA PRACY, 3, pp. 13–16.

Tarczoń, M. (2017b). Środowisko pracy personelu medycznego cz. 2 Czynniki chemiczne. ATEST – OCHRONA PRACY, 4, pp. 50–53.

Tarczoń, M. (2017c). Środowisko pracy personelu medycznego cz. 3 Czynniki biologiczne. ATEST – OCHRONA PRACY, 10, pp. 50–53.

Tarczoń, M. (2018). Środowisko pracy personelu medycznego cz.4 Czynniki psychospołeczne i psychofizyczne. ATEST – OCHRONA PRACY, 1, pp. 22–24.

Trawińska-Konador, K. (2013). Perspektywa uczenia się przez całe życie. In: Ł. Sienkiewicz (Ed.), Zarządzanie zasobami ludzkimi w oparciu o kompetencje. Perspektywa uczenia się przez całe życie. Warszawa: Instytut Badań Edukacyjnych.

Wiatrowski, Z. (2000). Podstawy pedagogiki pracy. Bydgoszcz: Wydawnictwo Uczelniane WSP.

Zhang, W., Li, X. (2024). A data-driven combined prediction method for the demand for intensive care unit healthcare resources in public health emergencies. BMC Health Services Research, 24 (1), p. 477. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10955-8.

Żurowska-Wolak, M., Wolak, B., Mikos, M., Juszczyk, G., Czerw A. (2015). Stres i wypalenie zawodowe w pracy ratowników medycznych [Stress and a burn-out syndrome at work among paramedics]. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 5 (7), pp. 43–50. DOI: 10.5281/ zenodo.19112.