Transnational Corporations as the Driving Forces Behind the World's Research and Development Activity in Terms of R&D Expenditure
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Opublikowane:
lip 29, 2019
Słowa kluczowe:
transnational corporation, research and development, R&D expenditure
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Abstrakt
As discussed in the literaturę, more and more transnational corporations (TNCs) were attaching importance to research and development (R&D) activity from the 1970s through the 2000s. This growing involvement of TNCs in R&D resulted in their dominant role in global R&D expenditure. Indeed, a comparative analysis of financial data collected for the group of the 102 largest corporate R&D spenders worldwide in 2007 showed that this group of TNCs accounted for a significant share of the worlds R&D expenditure not only in 2007 alone but also in the period of 2000-2011. Moreover, a similarity between their home countries and the countries being top R&D spenders was found; however, most of these corporations were conducting their R&D at international level. Furthermore, the analysed TNCs operated mostly in technology-intensive industries, for which the foun- dations were provided by a multidisciplinary science and technology basis.
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Kraj, K. M. (2019). Transnational Corporations as the Driving Forces Behind the World’s Research and Development Activity in Terms of R&D Expenditure. Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, (28), 73–97. https://doi.org/10.33119/JMFS.2017.28.3
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Articles
Bibliografia
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34. The Internationalisation of Business R&D. Evidence, Impacts and Implications, OECD, Paris 2008.
35. The UIS ‘Science, Technology & Innovation’ database (‘June 2013 release’ and ‘July 2014 release’), http://data.uis.unesco.org/
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2. Boutellier R., Gassmann O., von Zedtwitz M., Managing Global Innovation. Uncov- ering the Secrets of Future Competitiveness, Springer-Verlag, second revised edition, Berlin Heidelberg 2000.
3. Castellani D., Zanfei A., Multinational Firms, Innovation and Productivity, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham/Northampton 2006.
4. Doz Y., Santos J., Williamson P., From Global to Metanational: How Companies Win in the Knowledge Economy, Harvard Business School Press, Boston MA 2001.
5. Dunning J.H., Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, Addison-Wesley, Workingham 1992.
6. Gassmann O., von Zedtwitz M., New Concepts and Trends in International R&D Organization, “Research Policy” 1999, vol. 28, iss. 2-3 (Special Issue).
7. Gerybadze A., Reger G., Globalization of R&D: Recent Changes in the Management of Innovation in Transnational Corporations, “Research Policy” 1999, vol. 28, iss. 2-3 (Special Issue).
8. Gilpin R., The Challenge of Global Capitalism. The World Economy in the 21st Century, Princeton University Press, Princeton 2000.
9. Globalization of R&D and Developing Countries, Proceedings of the Expert Meeting. Geneva 24-26 January 2005, UNCTAD, New York-Geneva 2005.
10. Hemmert M., International Organization of R&D and Technology Acquisition Performance of High-Tech Business Units, “Management International Review” 2003, vol. 43(4).
11. Jaruzelski B., Dehoff K., Bordia R., The 2005 Global Innovation 1000 Study: Money IsntEverything, Booz & Co., “strategy+business” 2005, Winter, iss. 41, https://www. strategyand.pwc.com/global/home/ what-we-think/51025132/past-year-studies
(18.04.2017) .
12. Jaruzelski B., Dehoff K., The 2010 Global Innovation 1000 Study: How the Top Inno- vators Keep Winning, Booz & Co., “strategy+business” 2010, Winter, iss. 61, https:// www.strategyand.pwc.com/global/home/ what-we-think/51025132/past-year-studies
(18.04.2017) .
13. Kraj K.M., Corporate R&D Centres in Poland, in: Przedsiębiorstwo wobec wyzwań globalnych, eds. A. Herman, K. Poznańska, vol. 2, SGH, Warsaw 2008.
14. Kuemmerle W., Building Effective R&D Capabilities Abroad, “Harvard Business Review” 1997, March-April.
15. Kumar N., Multinational Enterprises, Overseas R&D Activity and the Global Techno- logical Order, Research and Information System, New Delhi 1999.
16. Medcof J.W., A Taxonomy of Internationally Dispersed Technology Units and Its Application to Management Issues, “R&D Management” 1997, October, vol. 27, iss. 4.
17. Niosi J., The Globalization of Canadas R&D, “Management International Review” 1997, vol. 37(4).
18. Patel P., Vega M., Patterns of Internationalisation of Corporate Technology: Location vs Home Country Advantages, “Research Policy” 1999, vol. 28, iss. 2-3 (Special Issue).
19. Pearce R.D., Decentralised R&D and Strategic Competitiveness: Globalised Approaches to Generation and Use of Technology in Multinational Enterprises (MNEs), “Research Policy” 1999, vol. 28, iss. 2-3 (Special Issue).
20. Poznańska K., Kraj K.M., Badania i rozwój w korporacjach transnarodowych. Organizacja. Umiędzynarodowienie, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warsaw 2015.
21. Reddy P., Globalization of Corporate R&D: Implications for Innovation Systems in Host Countries, Routledge, London-New York 2000.
22. Regions, Globalization, and the Knowledge-Based Economy, ed. J.H. Dunning, Oxford University Press, Oxford-New York 2000.
23. Revised Field of Science and Technology (FOS) Classification in the Frascati Manual, OECD 2007 (DSTI/EAS/STP/NESTI(2006)19/FINAL).
24. Roberts E.B., Benchmarking Global Strategic Management of Technology, “Research Technology Management” 2001, March-April, vol. 44, no. 2.
25. Ronstadt R., Research and Development Abroad by U.S. Multinationals, Praeger Publishers, New York 1977.
26. Technical Change and the World Economy: Convergence and Divergence in Technology Strategies, ed. J. Hagedoorn, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham-Northampton 1995.
27. Tellis G.J., Eisingerich A.B., Chandy R.K., Prabhu J.C., Competingfor the Future: Patterns in the Global Location of R&D Centers by the Worlds Largest Firms, Working Paper, Centre for India & Global Business, University of Cambridge - Judge Business School, 2009, www.india.jbs.cam.ac.uk/research/facultyresearch.html (24.03.2009).
28. The 1991 R&D Scoreboard, http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101208170217/ http://www.innovation. gov.uk/rd_scoreboard/?p=31 (8.04.2017).
29. The 2000 R&D Scoreboard, http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20101208170217/ http://www.innovation. gov.uk/rd_scoreboard/?p=31 (8.04.2017).
30. The 2004 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, European Commission, DG- JRC/DG-RTD, http://iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/scoreboard.html (18.04.2017).
31. The 2004 R&D Scoreboard, UK DTI, http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ 20101208170217/http://www.innovation.gov.uk/rd_scoreboard/?p=31 (8.04.2017).
32. The 2010 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard, European Commission, JRC/ DG-RTD, http://iri.jrc.ec.europa.eu/scoreboard.html (18.04.2017).
33. The 2010 R&D Scoreboard, UK BIS, http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/201012 08170217/http://www.innovation.gov.uk/rd_scoreboard/?p=31 (8.04.2017).
34. The Internationalisation of Business R&D. Evidence, Impacts and Implications, OECD, Paris 2008.
35. The UIS ‘Science, Technology & Innovation’ database (‘June 2013 release’ and ‘July 2014 release’), http://data.uis.unesco.org/
36. The World Banks ‘World Development Indicators’ database, July 2014, http://data. worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators
37. World Investment Report 2005: Transnational Corporations and the Internationaliza- tion of R&D, UNCTAD, New York-Geneva 2005.