Promowanie konkurencyjności w politykach Unii Europejskiej i jego konsekwencje dla Polski
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Abstract
The notion of competitiveness seems 'natural' as concerns an enterprise. Yet, regarding national economy it is ambiguous. It might be used in statistical terms (ex post) as 'profile' of advantage (comparative) in various fields as well as in more general terms such as the pattern of conditions and structures ensuring better opportunities of competitiveness of companies of a set country. Ambiguity of definitions as well as insufficient knowledge of competitiveness factors impede management in this field. The European policy of supporting competitiveness becomes invisible amongst other high-reaching objectives of the Lisbon Strategy. There is lack of cohesion between initiatives and measures taken in support of competitiveness (e.g. the Lisbon Strategy supports small and medium-sized companies, whereas scientific research policy prefers large projects and large-sized business units). New member countries attach importance to the ways of granting financial means to support competitiveness. In case of cohesion policy the means are earmarked for programmes developed at national level, which facilitates the access to financial support to less economically advanced countries. However, competing with other objectives, e.g. social ones, is much of a problem. On the other hand, the financial means within Framework Programmes aimed at research and development are centrally redistributed, on the basis of bid competition. This significantly limits the access of entities from less advanced countries, which clearly results from the data provided. (original abstract)
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References
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