Costs in a Business Cycle
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Abstract
This paper discusses selected income-to-cost ratios in a business cycle. These costs alone are considered to be lagging indicators, ie they tend to rise after the peak of a business cycle and fall after the trough. However, the income-to-cost ratio creates the long-leading indicator. The following income-to-cost ratio leading indicators are studied: producer prices to labor unit costs ratio, sales to finished goods inventories ratio and interest rates spread (long-term interest rate of bonds versus short-term interbank rate). The performance of these indicators are presented using data from the Polish economy during 1999-2011 period. National statistics bring wide set of information on income, costs of doing business, and income/cost data of households. The indicators created from the data may be very useful for predicting downswings and recessions. (original abstract)
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