Zamierzenia prokreacyjne a możliwość ich realizacji w kontekście czynników biologicznych
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Published:
Dec 6, 2013
Keywords:
reproductive ageing, fecundity, waiting time to pregnancy, infertility, fertility
Main Article Content
Abstract
The article presents both theoretical and empirical aspects of studies on fertility intentions in the context of factors shaping fecundity. In most contemporary societies couples declare their preference for two children. These declarations stand in opposition to registered total fertility rates, both period and cohort rates, which rarely reach value of 2 in Europe. The gap between fertility intentions and their realization might be partially explained by the impact of reproductive ageing (biological factors) which may play an increasingly significant role due to postponement of childbearing. A natural pattern of a decrease in fecundity over age might influence on reproductive outcome of women who postpone to conceive a child, and consequently results in an increased risk of involuntary childlessness or lower parity progression ratios. The data coming from the Generations and Gender Survey in Poland (GGS-PL) makes it possible to check the main hypothesis about an age-specific decrease in fecundity, which is manifested by a prolonged waiting time to pregnancy. The data were collected via the retrospective questions included into the GGS-PL questionnaire. Results show that there is a significant increase in waiting time to pregnancy among women older than 34 years. This finding supports theoretical predictions concerning the age-related decrease in fecundity. Its relevance is discussed by referring to explanations of the gap between fertility intentions and completed fertility in terms of voluntary and involuntary childlessness, as well as biological factors related to reproductive ageing.
Article Details
How to Cite
Tymicki, K. . (2013). Zamierzenia prokreacyjne a możliwość ich realizacji w kontekście czynników biologicznych. Studia Demograficzne, (2(164), pp. 11–33. https://doi.org/10.33119/SD.2013.2.1
Section
Original research papers & review papers
References
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[2] Beets G., teVelde E., Verloove-Vanhorick P., Merkus H., Bruinse H., 1994, Medical Complications of Aging Fertility, [w:] G. Beets, (red.), Population and Family in the Low Countries 1993: Late Fertility and Other Current Issues (s. 1–23), NIDI/CBGS Publication, Berwyn, Pennsylvania/Amsterdam, Netherlands.
[3] Bianchi F.O., Campana A.,1994, The end of fertility: age, fecundity and fecundability in women, „Journal of Biosocial Science”, vol. 26, nr 3, 349–368.
[4] Boldsen J.L., Schaumburg I., 1990, Time to pregnancy: A model and its applications, „Journal of Biosocial Science”, vol. 22, nr 2, 255–262.
[5] Bongaarts J., 1978, A framework for analysing the proximate determinants of fertility, „Population and Development Review”, vol. 4, nr 1, 105–132.
[6] Bongaarts J., 1990, The Measurement of Wanted Fertility, „Population and Development Review”, vol. 16, nr 3, 487–506.
[7] Bongaarts J., 2002, The end of the fertility transition in the developed world, „Population and Development Review”, vol. 28, nr 3, 419–433.
[8] Bongaarts J., Feeney G., 1998, On the Quantum and Tempo of Fertility, „Population and Development Review”, vol. 24, nr 2, 271–291
[9] Dick M.L.B, Bain C.J., Purdie D.M., Siskind V., Molloy D., Green A.C., 2003, Self-reported difficulty in conceiving as a measure of infertility, „Human Reproduction”, vol. 18, nr 2, 2711–2717.
[10] ESHRE, 2005, Human Reproduction Update, „Fertility and Ageing. Capri Workshop Group”, vol. 11, nr 3, 261–276.
[11] Farrow A., Hull M.G.R., Northstone K., Taylor H.F., Ford W.C.L., Golding J., 2002, Prolonged use of oral contraception before a planned pregnancy is associated with a decreased risk of delayed conception", „Human Reproduction”, vol. 17, nr 10, 2754–2761.
[12] Gnoth C.G., Frank-Herrmann E., Friol1 P., Tigges K., Freundl J., 2005, Definition and prevalence of subfertility and infertility, „Human Reproduction”, vol. 20, nr 5, 1144–1147.
[13] Habbema J.D.F., Collins J., Leridon H., Evers J.L.H., Lunenfeld B., teVelde E.R., 2004, Towards less confusing terminology in reproductive medicine: a proposal, „Human Reproduction”, vol. 19, nr 7, 1501.
[14] Hassan M.A.M., Killick S.R., 2004, Is previous use of hormonal contraception associated with a detrimental effect on subsequent fecundity?, „Human Reproduction”, vol. 19, nr 2, 344–351.
[15] Hawkes K., 2003, Grandmothers and the evolution of human longevity, „American Journal of Human Biology”, vol. 15, nr 3, 380–400.
[16] Hill K.A., Hurtado M., 1991, The evolution of premature reproductive senescence and menopause in human females, „Human Nature”, vol. 2, nr 4, 313–350.
[17] Human Fertility Database, 2013, zasób internetowy, www.humanfertility.org (data dostępu 10.05.2013).
[18] O’Connor K.A., Holman D.J., Wood J.W., 1998, Declining fecundity and ovarian ageing in natural fertility populations, „Maturitas”, vol. 30, nr 2, 127–136.
[19] Jenkins J., Daya S., Kremer J., Balasch J., Barratt C., Cooke I., Lawford-Davies J., De Sutter P., Suikari A.M., Neulen J., Nygren K., 2004, European Classification of Infertility Taskforce (ECIT). Response to Habbema ‘Towards less confusing terminology in reproductive medicine: a proposal’, „Human Reproduction”, vol. 19, nr 12, 2687–2688.
[20] Jensen T.K., Joffe M., Scheike T., Skytthe A., Gaist D., Christensen K., 2005, Time Trends in Waiting Time to Pregnancy Among Danish Twins, „Human Reproduction”, vol. 20, nr 4, 955–964.
[21] Joffe M., Key J., Best N., Keiding N., Scheike T., Jensen T.K., 2005, Studying Time to Pregnancy by Use of a Retrospective Design, „American Journal of Epidemiology”, vol. 162, nr 2, 115–124.
[22] Kaplan H., Hill K., Lancaster J., Hurtado A.M., 2000, A theory of human life history evolution: diet, intelligence, and longevity, „,Evolutionary Anthropology”, vol. 9, nr 4, 156–185.
[23] Karmaus W., Juul S., 1999, Infertility and subfecundity in population-based samples from Denmark, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain, „ European Journal of Public Health”, vol. 9, nr 3, 229–235.
[24] Kohler H-P, Billari F.C., Ortega J.A., 2002, The Emergence of Lowest-Low Fertility in Europe During the 1990s, „ Population and Development Review”, vol. 28, nr 4, 641–680.
[25] Kotowska I.E., Jóźwiak J., 2011, Panelowe badanie przemian relacji między pokoleniami, w rodzinie oraz między kobietami i mężczyznami: Generacje, Rodziny i Płeć Kulturowa GGS-PL, „Studia Demograficzne”, nr 1/159, 99–106.
[26] Leridon H., 2004, Can assisted reproduction technology compensate for the natural decline in fertility with age? A model assessment, „Human Reproduction”, vol. 19, nr 7, 1548–1553.
[27] Liu K., Case A., 2011, Advanced reproductive age and fertility, „Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecolgy”, vol. 33, nr 11, 1165–1175.
[28] Linn S., Schoenbaum S.C., Monson R.R., Rosner B., Ryan K.J., 1982, Delay in conception for former 'pill' users, „The Journal of the American Medical Association“, vol. 247, nr 5, 629–632.
[29] Mynarska M., 2011, Kto planuje mieć dzieci w Polsce do 2015 roku?, „Studia Demograficzne”, nr 1/159, 75–98.
[30] Olsen J., Juul S., Basso O., 1998, Measuring time to pregnancy. Methodological issues to consider, „Human Reproduction“, vol. 13, nr 7, 1751–1753.
[31] ORC Macro and the World Health Organization, 2004, Infecundity, infertility, and childlessness in developing countries, “Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Comparative Reports”, 9.
[32] Régnier-Loilier A., Vignoli D., 2011, Fertility Intentions and Obstacles to Their Realization in France and Italy, „ Population”, vol. 66, nr 2, 361–389.
[33] Sartorius G.A., Nieschalg E., 2010, Paternal Age and Reproduction, „Human Reproduction Update”, vol. 16, nr 1, 65–79.
[34] Schmidt L., Sobotka T., Bentzen J.G., Nyboe A.A., 2012, Demographic and Medical Consequences of the postponement of parenthood, „Human Reproduction Update”, vol. 18, nr 1, 29–43.
[35] Shanley D.P., Kirkwood T.B.L., 2001, Evolution of the human menopause, „ BioEssays”, vol. 23, nr 3, 282–287.
[36] Sobotka T., 2007, The diverse faces of the Second Demographic Transition in Europe, „Demographic Research”, vol. 19, nr 8, 171–224.
[37] Sobotka T., Lutz W., Phillipov D., 2005, Missing Births: Decomposing the Declining Number of Birts in Europe into Tempo, Quantum and Age Structure Effects, „European Demographic Research Papers”, Vienna Institute of Demography, 2.
[38] Sobotka T., Zeman K., Lesthaeghe R., Frejka T., Neels K., 2011, Postponement and Recuperation in Cohort Fertility: Austria, Germany and Switzerland in a European Context, „Contemporary Population Studies”, vol. 36, nr 2–3, 417–452.
[39] Testa M.R., 2012, Women's fertility intentions and level of education: why are they positively correlated in Europe?, „European Demographic Research Papers”, 3, Vienna Institute of Demography of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna.
[40] teVelde E. R., Habbema D., Leridon H., Marinus E., 2012, The effect of postponement of first motherhood on permanent involuntary childlessness and total fertility rate in six European countries since the 1970s, „Human Reproduction”, vol. 27, nr 4, 1179–1183
[41] teVelde E.R., Pearson P.L., 2002, The variability of female reproductive ageing, „Human Reproduction Update“, vol. 8, nr 2, 141–154.
[42] Toulemon L., Testa M.R., 2005, Fertility intentions and actual fertility: a complex relationship, „Population and Societies”, nr 415, 1–4.
[43] Van Geloven N.F., Van der Veen P.M.M., Bossuyt P.G., Hompes A.H., Zwinderman B.W. Mol B.W., 2013, Can we distinguish between infertility and subfertility when predicting natural conception in couples with an unfulfilled child wish?, „Human Reproduction”, vol. 28, nr 3, 658–665.
[44] Wood J.W. 1989, Fecundity and Natural Fertility in Humans, [w:] S.R. Milligan (red.) Oxford Reviews of Reproductive Biology (s. 61–109), Oxford University Press, Oxford.
[45] Zegers-Hochschild F., Adamson G.D., de Mouzon J., Ishihara O., Mansour R., Nygren K., Sullivan E., van der Poel S., 2009, The International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology (ICMART) and the World Health Organization (WHO) Revised Glossary on ART Terminology, “Human Reproduction”, vol. 24, nr 11, 2683–2687.