Combating Poverty as a Main Challenge of Sustainable Development: The Case of Brazil’s Bolsa Família
Main Article Content
Abstrakt
Brazil’s conditional cash transfer Bolsa Família is one of the largest poverty reduction policies worldwide, providing cash transfers to poor households on the condition of fulfilment of a series of health and schooling requirements. Bolsa Família helps 13.8 million families or 25% of the total population. Since its launch in 2003 results are the following: poverty in Brazil has notably decreased; three million people left poverty and four million are no longer indigent; the Gini coefficient and Human Development Index has improved. Therefore, Brazil has implemented a policy in the realm of sustainable development strategies, combatting the most pressing and degrading condition of deprivation: poverty. As Bolsa Família’s impact became prominent due to international media and international organisations, 63 countries have sought Brazilian expertise on social policies. The aim of this essay is to assess if Bolsa Família is an effective mechanism for sustainable development, particularly poverty alleviation.
Downloads
Article Details
Autor (Autorzy) artykułu oświadcza, że przesłane opracowanie nie narusza praw autorskich osób trzecich. Wyraża zgodę na poddanie artykułu procedurze recenzji oraz dokonanie zmian redakcyjnych. Przenosi nieodpłatnie na Oficynę Wydawniczą SGH autorskie prawa majątkowe do utworu na polach eksploatacji wymienionych w art. 50 Ustawy z dnia 4 lutego 1994 r. o prawie autorskim i prawach pokrewnych – pod warunkiem, że praca została zaakceptowana do publikacji i opublikowana.
Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH posiada autorskie prawa majątkowe do wszystkich treści czasopisma. Zamieszczenie tekstu artykuły w repozytorium, na stronie domowej autora lub na innej stronie jest dozwolone o ile nie wiąże się z pozyskiwaniem korzyści majątkowych, a tekst wyposażony będzie w informacje źródłowe (w tym również tytuł, rok, numer i adres internetowy czasopisma).
Osoby zainteresowane komercyjnym wykorzystaniem zawartości czasopisma proszone są o kontakt z Redakcją.
Bibliografia
BBC News, Brazil World Cup: Clashes at Sao Paulo and Rio Protests, BBC2014, http://www. bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-27811657 (retrieved: 07.07.2016).
de Brauw, A. et al., The Impact of Bolsa Família on Women’s Decision-Making Power, “World Development” 2014, 59, pp. 487–504.
de Brauw, A., et al., The Impact of Bolsa Família on Schooling, “World Development” 2015, 70, pp. 303–316.
Curry, M. et al., Brazil’s Bolsa Familia and the Philippines’ “4Ps” CCT Programs: Considering South–South Cooperation for Social Protection, “Asia-Pacific Social Science Review” 2013, 13:1, pp. 1–15.
Eger, T. J. et al., Money and Morality in the Bolsa Família, “Vibrant: Virtual Brazilian Anthropology” 2014, 11 (1), pp. 250–284.
Gönner, T., Beyond Development Aid: Novel International Cooperation Approaches with Emerging Economies, Global Economic Symposium, Berlin 2013, p. 3.
Handa, S. et al., The Experience of Conditional Cash Transfers in Latin America and the Caribbean, ESA Working Paper No. 06–07, FAO, 2006, http://www.fao.org/3/a-ag429t. pdf (retrieved: 10.11.2017).
Higgins, S., The Impact of Bolsa Família on Poverty: Does Brazil’s Conditional Cash Transfer Program Have a Rural Bias?, “The Journal of Politics and Society” 2012, 23 (1), pp. 88–125.
Hunter, W. et al., Transforming Subjects into Citizens: Insights from Brazil’s Bolsa Família, “Perspectives on Politics” 2014, 12 (4), pp. 829–845.
ILO, Bolsa Família: An International Example of Social Inclusion. An Interview with Helmut Schwarzer, 2015, http://www.socialsecurityextension.org/gimi/gess/ShowWiki. action?wiki.wikiId=3044 (retrieved: 16.11.2017).
Janeiro, C. N., Bolsa-Família: Template for Poverty Reduction or Recipe for Dependency?, “The Guardian” 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2013/nov/05/bolsa-familia-brazil-cash-transfer-system (retrieved: 11.06.2016).
Kassouf, P. et al., The Impact of the Bolsa Escola/Familia Conditional Cash Transfer Program on Enrollment, Drop Out Rates and Grade Promotion in Brazil, “Journal of Development Economics” 97 (2), pp. 505–517.
Kerstenetzky, C. L., Redistribution and Development? The Political Economy of the Bolsa Família Program, “Dados” 2010, vol. 10, Rio de Janeiro.
Lindert, K. et al., The Nuts and Bolts of Brazil’s Bolsa Família Program: Implementing Conditional Cash Transfers in a Decentralized Context, Social Protection Discussion Paper 709, The World Bank, Washington D. C. 2007.
Lindert, K., Brazil: Bolsa Família Program–scaling-up Cash Transfers for the Poor, “Managing for Development Results Principles in Action: Sourcebook on Emerging Good Practices”, The World Bank, Washington D. C. 2005.
OECD, Brazil: Student performance (PISA 2015), 2015, http://gpseducation.oecd.org/ CountryProfile?primaryCountry=BRA&treshold=10&topic=PI (retrieved: 10.11.2017).
Pearson, S., Brazilians Take to the Streets in Anti-Government Protests, “Financial Times” 2016, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/937b777e-e934-11e5-9fca-fb0f946fd1f0.html#axzz4EZoiDqSw (retrieved: 16.07.2016).
Pereira, A. W., Bolsa Família and Democracy in Brazil, “Third World Quarterly” 2015, 36 (9), pp. 1682–1699.
Pires, F. F., Child as Family Sponsor: An Unforeseen Effect of Programa Bolsa Familia in Northeastern Brazil, “Childhood” 2014, 21 (1), pp. 134–147.
Sánchez-Ancochea, D. et al., Bolsa Família, Poverty and Inequality: Political and Economic Effects in the Short and Long Run; “Global Social Policy” 2011, 11 (2–3), pp. 299–318.
Shei, A. et al., The Impact of Brazil’s Bolsa Família Conditional Cash Transfer Program on Children’s Health Care Utilization and Health, “Getting Started with the Sustainable Development Goals: A Guide for Stakeholders”, Sustainable Development Solutions Network, 2014, pp. 1–25.
Tepperman, J., Brazil’s Antipoverty Breakthrough, “Foreign Affairs” 2016, 95 (1), pp. 34–44.
The Economist, How to Get Children out of Jobs and into School, “The Economist” 2010, http://www.economist.com/node/16690887 (retrieved: 26.05.2016).
UN Women (n.d.), Facts and Figures: Economic Empowerment [online] available from http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/economic-empowerment/facts-and-figures (retrieved: 13 June 2016).
United Nations, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, 2013, http://www.un.org/ sg/STATEMENTS/index.asp?nid=7072 (retrieved: 13.10.2017).
WCED, Our common future. Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, G. H. Brundtland, (Ed.), Oxford 1987.