The urban local centre: from the centrally-planned economy to the capitalist city. The experience of the Ursynów district in Warsaw
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Opublikowane:
gru 28, 2021
Słowa kluczowe:
urban development, local economy, public utilities, local centre, polycentric city, Warsaw
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Abstrakt
The polycentric structure of the city reflects the role of various stakeholders, public and private, in shaping the urban development and life quality. The paper investigates the role of the public and private sector in creation of the local centres in neighbourhoods, hubs concentrating the services and amenities indispensable for modern life. The analysis is based on the case study of the Ursynów district in Warsaw, designed and constructed mainly in the 1980s, but with several infrastructural, housing, and commercial investments realised after 1989. The study encompassed the location of local centres, their functions, and spatial forms. The findings demonstrate that both public and private sectors play intertwined and significant roles for the local centres and create a synergy effect in such areas. The results of the study also show the evolutionary nature of the local centres’ development. The main elements of the design persist, but the market-oriented economy and decentralised democratic institutions allowed them to continue the original plans, while making the local centres more attractive and richer function-wise than it was possible during the centrally-planned period.
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Sadowy, K. . (2021). The urban local centre: from the centrally-planned economy to the capitalist city. The experience of the Ursynów district in Warsaw. Journal of Management and Financial Sciences, (44), 41–59. https://doi.org/10.33119/JMFS.2021.44.3
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Bibliografia
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3. Bohaterowie polskiej transformacji `89 `09 (2009). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo wab, Lewiatan.
4. Brukalska, B. (1948). Zasady społeczne projektowania osiedli mieszkaniowych. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Odbudowy.
5. Celińska-Janowicz, D. (2010). Second youth or decline? Warsaw large-scale housing estate Sluzew nad Dolinka during socio-economic transformation. Studia Regionalne i Lokalne, 1 (39)/2010 (MPRA Paper No. 52502, posted 09 Jan 2014). Retrieved from: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/52502/ [accessed: 05.01.2020].
6. Chmielewski, J. M. (2001). Teoria urbanistyki w projektowaniu i planowaniu miast. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej.
7. Clark, W. A. (2000). Monocentric to polycentric: New urban forms and old paradigms. In: G. Bridge, S. Watson, A Companion to the City (pp. 141–154). Malden, Oxford, Carlton: Blackwell Publishing.
8. Coyle, D. (2012). The economics of enough: how to run the economy as if the future matters. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
9. Choguill, C. L. (2008). Developing sustainable neighbourhoods. Habitat International, 32 (1), pp. 41–48.
10. Crosato, E., Prokopenko, M., Harré, M. S. (2021). The polycentric dynamics of Melbourne and Sydney: Suburb attractiveness divides a city at the home ownership level. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 477 (2245), 20200514.
11. De Long, J. B., Eichengreen, B. (1991). The Marshall Plan: History’s most successful structural adjustment program (No. w3899). National Bureau of Economic Research.
12. Fourastié, J. (1979). Les trente glorieuses; ou, La Révolution invisible de 1946 à 1975, Paris: Fayard.
13. Godlewska, M. (2018). Przedsiębiorcze państwo a współczesne problemy ekonomiczne. Studia Ekonomiczne, 347, pp. 69–77.
14. Griffith, D. A., Wong, D. W. (2007). Modelling population density across major US cities: a polycentric spatial regression approach. Journal of Geographical Systems, 9 (1), pp. 53–75.
15. Huang, D., Liu, Z., Zhao, X., Zhao, P. (2017). Emerging polycentric megacity in China: An examination of employment subcenters and their influence on population distribution in Beijing. Cities, 69, pp. 36–45.
16. Gruchelski, M. (Ed.) (2020). Sektor prywatny a sektor publiczny. Ujęcie interdyscyplinarne. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza ASPRA.
17. GUS (2009). Ludność i powierzchnia Warszawy w latach 1921–2008. Warszawa: GUS.
18. Gordon, P. (1994). Robert Owen, Perspectives: revue trimestrielle d’éducation comparée, Paris, UNESCO. Bureau international d’éducation,, XXIV (1–2), pp. 287–306.
19. Happach, M., Sadowy, K. (Eds.) (2015). Centra Lokalne. Studium koncepcyjne dotyczące centrów lokalnych w Warszawie. Warszawa: Oddział Warszawski Stowarzyszenia Architektów Polskich.
20. Huang, Y., Liao, R. (2021). Polycentric or monocentric, which kind of spatial structure is better for promoting the green economy? Evidence from Chinese urban agglomerations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, pp. 1–17.
21. Jun, M. J. (2020). The effects of polycentric evolution on commute times in a polycentric compact city: A case of the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Cities, 98, 102587.
22. Izdebski, H., Kulesza, M. (2004). Administracja publiczna. Zagadnienia ogólne. Warszawa: Liber.
23. Kania, P. (2010). Od Charlesa Fouriera do Paolo Soleriego – przemiany w sposobie kształtowania struktur osiedli mieszkaniowych na przestrzeni wieków. Architecturae et Artibus, 2, pp. 27–33.
24. Kasinitz, Ph. (2007). Local Shops, Global Streets. In: Sh. Zukin, Ph. Kasinitz, X. Chen (Eds.), Global Cities, Local Streets. Everyday Diversity from New York to Shanghai. London: Routledge.
25. Karta Ateńska (1933). IV Kongres CIAM w Atenach 1933 (accessed in the re-typed original form). Retireved from: http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/research_resources/charters/charter04.html [accessed: 14.01.2020].
26. Kennedy, Ch. (2011). The Evolution of Great World Cities. Urban Wealth and Economic Growth. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
27. Kingsley, E. H., Stough R. R. (2021). The Rise of Mega Urban Regions and the Future of Spatial Organization, In: E. Gleaser, K. Kourtit, P. Nijkamp (Eds.), Urban Empires. Cities as Global Rulers in the New Urban World. London: Routledge.
28. Kloosterman, R. C., Musterd, S. (2001). The polycentric urban region: towards a research agenda. Urban studies, 38 (4), pp. 623–633.
29. Krawczyk, J. (2001). Ursynów wczoraj i dziś. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Pagina.
30. Lees, A. (2015). The City. A world history. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
31. Mazur, M. (2017). Czterdziestolatek. Historie z Ursynowa. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Myśliński.
32. Norwich, J. J. (2009). The Great Cities in History. London: Thames & Hudson.
33. Odgers, J., McVicar, M., Kite, S. (2015). Economy and architecture. London: Routledge.
34. Ogburn, W. F. (1939, Sept). Housing for the Machine Age. Clarence Arthur Perry. Book Review. American Journal of Sociology, 45 (2), pp. 281–282, https://doi.org/10.1086/218275
35. Owen, R. (1857). The Life of Robert Owen Written by Himself: With Selections from His Writings and Correspondence (Vol. 1). London: Effingham Wilson.
36. Palumbo, M. A. (2014). Urban Transformation, Social Transition. Barbes, Paris, Where «Oherness » Takes (Public) Place. In: A. Mdanipour, S. Knierbein, A. Degros (Eds.), Public Space and the Challenges of Urban Transformation in Europe. London: Routledge.
37. Perry, C. A. (1939). Housing for the machine age. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
38. Ryan, S., McNally, M. G. (1995). Accessibility of neotraditional neighborhoods: A review of design concepts, policies, and recent literature. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 29 (2), pp. 87–105.
39. Sadowy, K. (2017). Architektura dla społeczności lokalnych – przestrzenie wspólne Pragi Północ, Ursynowa i Wilanowa. Kwartalnik Vistula, 4 (54)/2017, pp. 9–20.
40. Sadowy, K. (2018). City as a text. What can we read about inequalities from the urban space? The Journal of Macro Trends in Social Science, 4 (1), pp. 66–89.
41. Sadowy, K. (2020). Miasto policentryczne. Doświadczenie Warszawskich Centrów Lokalnych. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH.
42. Sadowy, M. (2019). Infrastruktura w nauce i praktyce miejskiej. In: K. Sadowy (Ed.), Miasto – gospodarka, zarządzanie, wyzwania. Tom I Podstawy ekonomiki miasta – wprowadzenie. Warszawa: Oficyna Wydawnicza SGH.
43. Schumpeter, J. A. (1995). Kapitalizm, scojalizm, demokracja. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
44. Schwanen, T., Dieleman, F. M., Dijst, M. (2003). Car use in Netherlands daily urban systems: Does polycentrism result in lower commute times? Urban geography, 24 (5), pp. 410–430.
45. Sherman I. W. (2007). Twelve Diseases that Changed Our World. Washington: ASM Press.
46. Storper, M. (2013). Keys to the City. How Economics, Institutions, Social Interaction, and Politics Shape Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
47. Syrkus, H. (1976). Ku idei osiedla społecznego. Warszawa: PWN.
48. Szmytkowska, M. (2014). Top-downczy bottom-up? Dylematy kształtowania policentrycznych obszarów metropolitalnych na przykładzie Trójmiasta. Studia Regionalne i Lokalne, 15 (57), pp. 26–45.
49. Zukin, Sh., Kasinitz, Ph., Chen, X. (2016). Spaces of Everyday Diversity: The Patchwork Ecosystem of Local Shopping Streets. In: Sh. Zukin, Ph. Kasinitz, X. Chen (Eds.), Global Cities, Local Streets. Everyday Diversity from New York to Shanghai. London: Routledge.
Online sources:
1. http://mbarch.pl/wnetrze-zespolu-mieszkaniowego-pasaz-ursynowski/ [accessed: 12.01.2020].
2. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urbanization-last-500‑years?country=CHN+OWID_WRL+USA+Europe [accessed: 17.01.2020].
3. http://ursynow.org.pl/category/przewodnik/ [accessed: 1201.2020].