The relationship between gender equality and growth in BSR countries
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Modelling and quantifying the relationship between gender equality and economic growth is still a relatively new area of research, even though a few studies investigating this relationship have been published. The aim of the paper is the analysis of this relationship based on modelling using the gender equality index as a proxy for equality and main growth variables. The paper intends to raise awareness that gender equality is an important factor behind economic growth and to help in designing more effective policies to respond to new challenges in post-crisis Europe. The analysis has been conducted for the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) countries which differ substantially in terms of economic and social development, culture and gender equality. The paper concludes that, despite these differences, there is a positive relationship between GDP growth and gender equality in all countries. This finding is consistent with other studies. The paper brings new elements to the analysis as it looks at changes over time (as opposed to static approach e.g. [Löfström 2009]), uses a single regression model to evaluate the relationship between studied categories and a new composite index of gender equality (GEI_UNDP and GEI of the European Institute for Gender Equality - EIGE). (fragment of text)
Article Details
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. All authors agree for publishing their email adresses, affiliations and short bio statements with their articles during the submission process.
Author agrees to share his work under CC-BY-NC license.
References
2. Berik G., Rodgers Y. [2008], Engendering development strategies and macroeconomic policies: what's sound and sensible?, Working Paper No. 2008-02, University of Utah.
3. Boserup E. [1970], Women's role in economic development, George Allen and Unwin, London.
4. EIGE [2013], Gender Equality Index Report, European Institute for Gender Equality, Vilnus.
5. EIGE [2015], Gender Equality Index 2015: Measuring gender equality in the European Union 2005-2012, European Institute for Gender Equality, Vilnus.
6. EIGE [2017], Economic benefits of gender equality in the EU, European Institute for Gender Equality, Vilnus.
7. Elson D. [1991], Male bias in macroeconomics: the case of structural adjustment, w: Male bias in the development process, red. D. Elson, Manchester University Press, Manchester.
8. GGGR [2017], Global Gender Gap Report, World Economic Forum, http://reports.weforum.org
9. Gomułka S. [2017], Skąd się wzięła zielona wyspa, "Rzeczpospolita", 23.10.
10. Klasen S., Lamanna F. [2009], The impact of gender inequality in education and employment on economic growth: New evidence for a panel of countries, "Feminist Economics", Vol. 15 (3).
11. Korol J. [2007], Sustainable development indicators in the modelling of the regional processes, Adam Marszałek, Toruń.
12. Lis C. [2010], Predictive modeling of the gross value added in Poland, CBE, Szczecin.
13. Löfström A. [2009], Gender equality, economic growth and employment, Swedish Ministry of Integration and Gender Equality.
14. Matsui K., Suzuki H., Ushio Y. [1999], Women-omics. Buy the female economy, Japan Portfolio Strategy, Goldman Sachs.
15. OECD [2012], Closing the Gender Gap Act now, http://www.oecd.org/gender/closingthegap.htm
16. Rubery J., Karamessini M. (red.) [2014], Women and Austerity. The economic crisis and the future for gender equality, Routledge. London and New York.
17. Ruminska-Zimny E. [2009], Women's employability in countries of Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, w: Gender gap and economic policy, red. E. Ruminska-Zimny, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, Geneva.
18. Seguino S., Berik G., Rodgers Y. [2009], Promoting gender equality as a means to finance development, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, New York Office, Occasional Paper Series.
19. Sequino S. [2000], Gender inequality and economic growth: A cross-country analysis, "World Development", Vol. 28, No. 7.
20. Smith M., Bettio F. [2008], Analysis note: The economic case for gender equality, European Commission, DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.
21. Stiglitz J.E., Sen A., Fitoussi J.P. [2010], Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress, www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr
22. Stocky J.G. [2006], Gender and its relevance to macroeconomic policy: A survey, "Working Paper" 06/233, International Monetary Fund.
23. Studenmund A.H. [2010], Using Econometrics: A Practical Guide, Pearson, London.
24. World Bank [2006], World Development Report: Equity and Development, Washington D.C, World Bank and Oxford University Press