Treść głównego artykułu
Abstrakt
The social and economic processes of the 21st century, related to globalisation, have provoked an increase in the number of multicultural individuals, the children of expatriates on overseas posts. Further, a rise of multicultural societies, like one of the United Arab Emirates without a dominant cultural frame can also be observed. These spur the necessity to seek mechanisms supporting cross-cultural individuals’ functioning in an increasingly globalised world. Global mindset, a notion rooted in international leadership studies, has been an evidenced predictor of achievement in a multicultural business environment. Furthermore, self-efficacy has demonstrated a positive impact on organisational and personal success and enhanced self-concept. In the present study, we combine these two variables in one model to explain the mechanism of the global mindset’s impact on life satisfaction for international students of Asian origin (N=277) with self-efficacy as a mediator of such a relationship. Our model explained 30% of the variance in life satisfaction with the mediational analysis supporting self-efficacy as a mediator in a positive effect of global mindset on well-being. Our study, therefore, fed into a better understanding of the mechanism of global mindset enhancing the impact on the life satisfaction of cross-cultural individuals and hence contributed to the postmodern psychological knowledge. Accounting for the dynamic characters of self-efficacy and global mindset, we further set a new field of exploration for possible interventions targeting international students’ flourishing.
Szczegóły artykułu
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Referencje
- Adler, N., & Bartholomew, S. (1992). Managing Globally Competent People. The Executive, 6, 52–65, https://doi.org/10.2307/4165078
- Afari, E., Ward, G., Myint, S., & Khine, M. (2012). Global self-esteem and self-efficacy correlates: Relation of academic achievement and self-esteem among Emirati students. International Education Studies, 5, 49–57, https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v5n2p49 Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215, https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
- Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory. In: R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of child development. Volume 6. Six theories of child development (pp. 1–60). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
- Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator – mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51 (6), 1173–1182, https://doi.org/10.1037/0022– 3514.51.6.1173
- Bennett, M. (1986). A developmental approach to training intercultural sensitivity.
- International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10 (2), 179–186.
- Bennett, M. (2004). Becoming interculturally competent. In: W. J. Wurzel (Ed.), Toward multiculturalism: A reader in multicultural education (pp. 62–77). Newton, MA: Intercultural Resource Corporation.
- Caligiuri, P., & Tarique, I. (2012). Dynamic cross-cultural competencies and global leadership effectiveness. Journal of World Business, 47 (4), 612–622, https://doi.
- org/10.1016/j.jwb.2012.01.014
- Cho, E. (2009). Global nomads for global managers. Manoa: University of Hawaii at Manoa.
- Cogin, J., & Fish, A. (2010). Modelling and predicting the performance of cross border managers. Personnel Review, 39 (4), 432–447, https://doi.org/ doi:10.1108/00483481011045407
- de Waal, M. F., Born, M. P., Brinkmann, U., & Frasch, J. (2020). Third Culture Kids, their diversity beliefs and their intercultural competences. International Journal of
- Intercultural Relations, 79, 177–190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.09.002 den Dekker, W. (2013). Global mindset and leadership effectiveness. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
- Diener, E., Suh, E., Lucas, R., & Smith, H. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125 (2), 276–302, https://doi.org/10.1037/0033– 2909.125.2.276
- Estienne, M. (1997). The art of cross‐cultural management: An alternative approach to training and development. Journal of European Industrial Training, 21 (1), 14–18n, https://doi.org/10.1108/03090599710156393
- Fail, H., Thompson, J., & Walker, G. (2004). Belonging, identity and third culture kids: Life histories of former international students. Journal of Research in International Education, 3 (3), 319–338, https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240904047358.
- Fawzy, M., & Hamed, S. (2017). Prevalence of psychological stress, depression and anxiety among medical students in Egypt. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 255, 186–
- , https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.027
- French, R. (2016). Conceptual Re-imagining of global “mindset”: Knowledge as prime in the development of global leaders. Journal of International Organizational Studies,
- (1), 49–62. Retrieved from: https://journal-iostudies.org/sites/default/files/2020–
- /JIOS-ReviewEssay_GlobalMindset.pdf
- Giorgi, G, Leon-Perez, J., Pignata, S, Demiral, Y, & Arcangeli, G. (2018). Addressing risks: mental health, work-related stress, and occupational disease management to enhance well-being. BioMed Research International, 1–3, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5130676 Grob, A. (1995). Berne Questionnaire of Subjective Well-Being. Bern: University of Bern.
- Gupta, A., & Govindarajan, V. (2002). Cultivating a global mindset. Academy of Management Executive, 16 (1), 116–126. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4165818
- Honicke, T., & Broadbent, J. (2015). The influence of academic self-efficacy on academic performance: A systematic review. Educational Research Review, 17, 63–84, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.11.002
- Huppert, F. (2009). Psychological well-being: evidence regarding its causes and consequences. Applied Psychology of Health and Well Being, 1 (2),137–64, https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1758–0854.2009.01008.x.
- Judge, T., Bono, J., & Patton, G. (2001). The job satisfaction-job performance relationship:
- a qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 376–407, https:// doi.org/10.1037//0033–2909.127.3.376
- Kefalas, A. G. (1998). Think globally, act locally. Thunderbird International Business Review, 40, 547–562.
- Kitayama, S., & Park, J. (2010). Cultural neuroscience of the self: understanding the social grounding of the brain. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 5 (2–3), 111–129, https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsq052
- Kostka, T., & Jachimowicz, V. (2010). Relationship of quality of life to dispositional optimism, health locus of control and self-efficacy in older subjects living in different environments. Quality of life research: an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 19 (3), 351–361, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136010-9601–0
- Levy, O., Beechler, S., Taylor, S., & Boyacigiller, N. (2007). What we talk about when we talk about ‘global mindset’: Managerial cognition in multinational corporations. Journal of International Business Studies, 38 (2), 231–258. Retrieved from: http:// www.jstor.org/stable/4540418
- Lovvorn, A., & Chen, J-J. (2011). Developing a Global Mindset: The Relationship between an International Assignment and Cultural Intelligence. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2 (9), 275–283. Retrieved from: https://ijbssnet.com/ journals/Vol._2_No._9_ [Special_Issue_-_May_2011]/32.pdf
- Markus, H. R., & Conner, A. (2013). Clash! How to Thrive in a Multicultural World. New York, NY: Hudson Street Press.
- Milam, L., Cohen, G., Mueller, C., & Salles, A. (2019). The relationship between selfefficacy and well-being among surgical residents. Journal of Surgical Education,76 (2), 321–328, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.07.028
- Mosanya, M. (2019). Exploring cultural intelligence relationships with a growth mindset, grit, coping and academic stress in the United Arab Emirates. Middle East Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 42–59. Retrieved from: https:// middleeastjournalofpositivepsychology.org/index.php/mejpp/article/view/77
- Mosanya, M., & Kwiatkowska, A. (2021). Complex but integrated: Exploring social and cultural identities of women Third Culture Kids (TCK) and factors predicting life satisfaction. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 84, 65–78, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.07.001
- Mosanya, M., & Petkari, E. (2017). Being fit and feeling pleased: The mediational role of physical self-efficacy in UAE women residents. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,16 (4), 343–353, https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2016.1256340
- Rozeboom, W. (1956). Mediation variables in scientific theory. Psychological Review, 63,
- –264, https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043718
- Schwartz, T. (2013). What would make you more satisfied and productive at work? Harvard Business Review.Retrieved from: https://hbr.org/2013/11/what-wouldmake-you-more-satisfied-and-productive-at-work (accessed: 21.11.2021).
- Sharma, H., & Nasa, G. (2014). Academic self-efficacy: A reliable predictor of educational performances. British Journal of Education, 2 (3), 57–64, http://www.ea-journals.org/
- Smith, P., & Bond, M. (1999). Social psychology: Across cultures (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
- Stokke, P. (2013). Adult Third Culture Kids: Potential global leaders with a global mindset. Unpublished dissertation, Drexel University.
- Story, J. (2011). Developmental approach to global leadership. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 6 (3), 375–390.
- Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann, W. B. (2001). Two-dimensional self-esteem: Theory and measurement. Personality and Individual Differences, 31 (5), 653–673, https://doi. org/10.1016/S0191–8869 (00) 00169–0
- Tarique, I., & Takeuchi, R. (2008). Developing cultural intelligence. In: S. Ang, L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications (Chapter 4), pp. 56-70. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe, Inc.
- Tarique, I., & Weisbord, E. (2013). Antecedents of dynamic cross-cultural competence in adult third culture kids (TCK). Journal of Global Mobility, 1 (2), 139–160, https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-12-2012–0021
- Thomas, L. (2002). Student retention in higher education: the role of institutional habitus. Journal of Education Policy, 17 (4), 423–442, https://doi. org/10.1080/02680930210140257
- Unseco Business Review Analytic Services (2013). The impact of employee engagement on performance. Retrieved from: https://hbr.org/resources/pdfs/comm/achievers/ hbr_achievers_report_sep13.pdf (accessed: 21.11.2021).
- US Department of Labor (2018). Bureau of Labor Statistics. Average hours per day spent in selected activities on days worked by employment status and sex. 2018. Retrieved from: https://www.bls.gov/charts/american-time-use/activity-by-work.htm (accessed: 21.11.2021).
- Van Vianen, A. E. M. (1999). Managerial self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and workrole salience as determinants of ambition for a managerial position. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29 (3), 639–665, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559–1816.1999. tb01406.x
- Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Bialowolski P., Sacco P., Vander Weele T., & McNeely E. (2020). Well-being in life and well-being at work: Which comes first? Evidence from a longitudinal study. Frontiers in Public Health, 1, 103, 1–12. Retrieved from: https:// www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00103 (accessed: 20.11.2021).
- Yokoyama, S. (2019). Academic self-efficacy and academic performance in online learning: A mini review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2794, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2018.02794
Referencje
Adler, N., & Bartholomew, S. (1992). Managing Globally Competent People. The Executive, 6, 52–65, https://doi.org/10.2307/4165078
Afari, E., Ward, G., Myint, S., & Khine, M. (2012). Global self-esteem and self-efficacy correlates: Relation of academic achievement and self-esteem among Emirati students. International Education Studies, 5, 49–57, https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v5n2p49 Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215, https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
Bandura, A. (1989). Social cognitive theory. In: R. Vasta (Ed.), Annals of child development. Volume 6. Six theories of child development (pp. 1–60). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator – mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51 (6), 1173–1182, https://doi.org/10.1037/0022– 3514.51.6.1173
Bennett, M. (1986). A developmental approach to training intercultural sensitivity.
International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 10 (2), 179–186.
Bennett, M. (2004). Becoming interculturally competent. In: W. J. Wurzel (Ed.), Toward multiculturalism: A reader in multicultural education (pp. 62–77). Newton, MA: Intercultural Resource Corporation.
Caligiuri, P., & Tarique, I. (2012). Dynamic cross-cultural competencies and global leadership effectiveness. Journal of World Business, 47 (4), 612–622, https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jwb.2012.01.014
Cho, E. (2009). Global nomads for global managers. Manoa: University of Hawaii at Manoa.
Cogin, J., & Fish, A. (2010). Modelling and predicting the performance of cross border managers. Personnel Review, 39 (4), 432–447, https://doi.org/ doi:10.1108/00483481011045407
de Waal, M. F., Born, M. P., Brinkmann, U., & Frasch, J. (2020). Third Culture Kids, their diversity beliefs and their intercultural competences. International Journal of
Intercultural Relations, 79, 177–190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2020.09.002 den Dekker, W. (2013). Global mindset and leadership effectiveness. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Diener, E., Suh, E., Lucas, R., & Smith, H. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125 (2), 276–302, https://doi.org/10.1037/0033– 2909.125.2.276
Estienne, M. (1997). The art of cross‐cultural management: An alternative approach to training and development. Journal of European Industrial Training, 21 (1), 14–18n, https://doi.org/10.1108/03090599710156393
Fail, H., Thompson, J., & Walker, G. (2004). Belonging, identity and third culture kids: Life histories of former international students. Journal of Research in International Education, 3 (3), 319–338, https://doi.org/10.1177/1475240904047358.
Fawzy, M., & Hamed, S. (2017). Prevalence of psychological stress, depression and anxiety among medical students in Egypt. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 255, 186–
, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.027
French, R. (2016). Conceptual Re-imagining of global “mindset”: Knowledge as prime in the development of global leaders. Journal of International Organizational Studies,
(1), 49–62. Retrieved from: https://journal-iostudies.org/sites/default/files/2020–
/JIOS-ReviewEssay_GlobalMindset.pdf
Giorgi, G, Leon-Perez, J., Pignata, S, Demiral, Y, & Arcangeli, G. (2018). Addressing risks: mental health, work-related stress, and occupational disease management to enhance well-being. BioMed Research International, 1–3, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5130676 Grob, A. (1995). Berne Questionnaire of Subjective Well-Being. Bern: University of Bern.
Gupta, A., & Govindarajan, V. (2002). Cultivating a global mindset. Academy of Management Executive, 16 (1), 116–126. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4165818
Honicke, T., & Broadbent, J. (2015). The influence of academic self-efficacy on academic performance: A systematic review. Educational Research Review, 17, 63–84, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.11.002
Huppert, F. (2009). Psychological well-being: evidence regarding its causes and consequences. Applied Psychology of Health and Well Being, 1 (2),137–64, https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1758–0854.2009.01008.x.
Judge, T., Bono, J., & Patton, G. (2001). The job satisfaction-job performance relationship:
a qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 376–407, https:// doi.org/10.1037//0033–2909.127.3.376
Kefalas, A. G. (1998). Think globally, act locally. Thunderbird International Business Review, 40, 547–562.
Kitayama, S., & Park, J. (2010). Cultural neuroscience of the self: understanding the social grounding of the brain. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 5 (2–3), 111–129, https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsq052
Kostka, T., & Jachimowicz, V. (2010). Relationship of quality of life to dispositional optimism, health locus of control and self-efficacy in older subjects living in different environments. Quality of life research: an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 19 (3), 351–361, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136010-9601–0
Levy, O., Beechler, S., Taylor, S., & Boyacigiller, N. (2007). What we talk about when we talk about ‘global mindset’: Managerial cognition in multinational corporations. Journal of International Business Studies, 38 (2), 231–258. Retrieved from: http:// www.jstor.org/stable/4540418
Lovvorn, A., & Chen, J-J. (2011). Developing a Global Mindset: The Relationship between an International Assignment and Cultural Intelligence. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2 (9), 275–283. Retrieved from: https://ijbssnet.com/ journals/Vol._2_No._9_ [Special_Issue_-_May_2011]/32.pdf
Markus, H. R., & Conner, A. (2013). Clash! How to Thrive in a Multicultural World. New York, NY: Hudson Street Press.
Milam, L., Cohen, G., Mueller, C., & Salles, A. (2019). The relationship between selfefficacy and well-being among surgical residents. Journal of Surgical Education,76 (2), 321–328, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.07.028
Mosanya, M. (2019). Exploring cultural intelligence relationships with a growth mindset, grit, coping and academic stress in the United Arab Emirates. Middle East Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 42–59. Retrieved from: https:// middleeastjournalofpositivepsychology.org/index.php/mejpp/article/view/77
Mosanya, M., & Kwiatkowska, A. (2021). Complex but integrated: Exploring social and cultural identities of women Third Culture Kids (TCK) and factors predicting life satisfaction. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 84, 65–78, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.07.001
Mosanya, M., & Petkari, E. (2017). Being fit and feeling pleased: The mediational role of physical self-efficacy in UAE women residents. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,16 (4), 343–353, https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2016.1256340
Rozeboom, W. (1956). Mediation variables in scientific theory. Psychological Review, 63,
–264, https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043718
Schwartz, T. (2013). What would make you more satisfied and productive at work? Harvard Business Review.Retrieved from: https://hbr.org/2013/11/what-wouldmake-you-more-satisfied-and-productive-at-work (accessed: 21.11.2021).
Sharma, H., & Nasa, G. (2014). Academic self-efficacy: A reliable predictor of educational performances. British Journal of Education, 2 (3), 57–64, http://www.ea-journals.org/
Smith, P., & Bond, M. (1999). Social psychology: Across cultures (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Stokke, P. (2013). Adult Third Culture Kids: Potential global leaders with a global mindset. Unpublished dissertation, Drexel University.
Story, J. (2011). Developmental approach to global leadership. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 6 (3), 375–390.
Tafarodi, R. W., & Swann, W. B. (2001). Two-dimensional self-esteem: Theory and measurement. Personality and Individual Differences, 31 (5), 653–673, https://doi. org/10.1016/S0191–8869 (00) 00169–0
Tarique, I., & Takeuchi, R. (2008). Developing cultural intelligence. In: S. Ang, L. Van Dyne (Eds.), Handbook of cultural intelligence: Theory, measurement, and applications (Chapter 4), pp. 56-70. Armonk, NY: ME Sharpe, Inc.
Tarique, I., & Weisbord, E. (2013). Antecedents of dynamic cross-cultural competence in adult third culture kids (TCK). Journal of Global Mobility, 1 (2), 139–160, https://doi.org/10.1108/JGM-12-2012–0021
Thomas, L. (2002). Student retention in higher education: the role of institutional habitus. Journal of Education Policy, 17 (4), 423–442, https://doi. org/10.1080/02680930210140257
Unseco Business Review Analytic Services (2013). The impact of employee engagement on performance. Retrieved from: https://hbr.org/resources/pdfs/comm/achievers/ hbr_achievers_report_sep13.pdf (accessed: 21.11.2021).
US Department of Labor (2018). Bureau of Labor Statistics. Average hours per day spent in selected activities on days worked by employment status and sex. 2018. Retrieved from: https://www.bls.gov/charts/american-time-use/activity-by-work.htm (accessed: 21.11.2021).
Van Vianen, A. E. M. (1999). Managerial self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and workrole salience as determinants of ambition for a managerial position. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29 (3), 639–665, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559–1816.1999. tb01406.x
Weziak-Bialowolska, D., Bialowolski P., Sacco P., Vander Weele T., & McNeely E. (2020). Well-being in life and well-being at work: Which comes first? Evidence from a longitudinal study. Frontiers in Public Health, 1, 103, 1–12. Retrieved from: https:// www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00103 (accessed: 20.11.2021).
Yokoyama, S. (2019). Academic self-efficacy and academic performance in online learning: A mini review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2794, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.3389/ fpsyg.2018.02794