Business performance during the COVID-19 crisis: a major contribution of entrepreneurial resilience

Puteri Andika Sari; Wiendy Puspita Sari; Dito Rinaldo

doi:10.33119/KSzPP/2022.2.4

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Abstrakt

Pandemia COVID-19 w sposób katastrofalny wpłynęła na cały świat. Kryzys dotknął również Indonezję, jeśli chodzi zarówno o stan zdrowia ludności, jak i kwestie gospodarcze. Oddziaływał także na wsparcie gospodarcze dla mikroprzedsiębiorstw oraz małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw (MMSP). Przedstawione badanie zostało przeprowadzone w prowincji Jawa Zachodnia z udziałem respondentów z MMSP. Celem było sprawdzenie, w jaki sposób przedsiębiorcza rezyliencja i poczucie własnej sprawczości wpłynęły na wyniki firm podczas kryzysu związanego z COVID-19. Do oceny związku między zmiennymi wykorzystano metodologię ilościową. Częściowe modelowanie metodą najmniejszych kwadratów (PLS-SEM) posłużyło do walidacji hipotezy modelu, który opiera się na studiach literaturowych przeprowadzonych wcześniej przez wielu innych badaczy. Wyniki tego badania pokazują, że w porównaniu z przedsiębiorczą samowystarczalnością przedsiębiorcza rezyliencja ma znaczący wpływ na wyniki MMSP podczas pandemii COVID-19. Na tej podstawie należy stwierdzić, że niezbędne jest wspieranie zmiennych zewnętrznych, takich jak polityka rządu.

Słowa kluczowe

kryzys COVID-19 przedsiębiorcza odporność przedsiębiorcza samowystarczalność wydajność małych firm MMSP w Jawie Zachodniej COVID-19 crisis entrepreneurial resilience entrepreneurial self-efficacy small firm performance West Java MSMEs

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Czasopismo „Studia z Polityki Publicznej/Public Policy Studies” zapewnia dostęp do treści artykułów w trybie otwartego dostępu (Open Access) na zasadach licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe (CC BY 4.0).

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Więcej informacji: Polityka Open Access czasopisma "Studia z Polityki Publicznej/Public Policy Studies"

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Sari, P. A., Sari, W. P. i Rinaldo, D. (2022) „Wydajność biznesowa w czasie kryzysu związanego z COVID-19. Wkład w przedsiębiorczą rezyliencję”, Studia z Polityki Publicznej, 9(2(34), s. 63–82. doi: 10.33119/KSzPP/2022.2.4.

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Referencje

Abdullah, S. M. (2019). Social Cognitive Theory: A Bandura Thought Review published in 1982-2012. Psikodimensia, 18 (1), 85-100. DOI: 10.24167/psidim.v18i1.1708
Adam, N. A., & Alarifi, G. (2021). Innovation practices for survival of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the COVID-19 times: The Role of External Support. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 6, 1-22.
Ayala, J. C., & Manzano, G. (2014). The resilience of the entrepreneur: Influence on the success of the business. A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 42, 126-135. DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2014.02.004
Bai, C., Quayson, M., & Sarkis, J. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic digitization lessons for sustainable development of micro-and small-enterprises. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 1989-2001. DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2021.04.035
Boyd, N. G., & Vozikis, G. S. (1994). The Influence of Self-Efficacy on the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18 (4), 63-77. DOI: 10.1177/104225879401800404
Castro, M. P., & Gómez Zermeno, M. G. (2020). Being an entrepreneur post-COVID-19 - resilience in times of crisis: a systematic literature review. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 13 (4): 721-746. DOI: 10.1108/JEEE-07-2020-0246
Chen, C. C., & Greene, P. G. (1998). Does Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy Distinguish Entrepreneurship from Manager? Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 295-316.
Fatoki, O. (2018). The impact of entrepreneurial resilience on the success of small and medium enterprises in South Africa. Sustainability, 10 (7). DOI: 10.3390/su10072527
Fisher, R., Maritz, A., & Lobo, A. (2016). Does individual resilience influence entrepreneurial success. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 22 (2), 39-53.
Hadi, N. U., 7 Abdullah, N. (2018). The leverage of entrepreneur skills and entrepreneur traits to business success: A case study of Pakistan's marble industry. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 33 (3), 315-334. DOI: 10.1504/IJESB.2018.090216
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks, LA: Sage Publishing.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31 (1), 2-24. DOI: 10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hallak, R., Lindsay, N. J., & Brown, G. (2011). Examining the role of entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on SMTE performance. Tourism Analysis, 16 (5), 583-599. DOI: 10.3727/108354211X13202764960744
Hapuk, M. S. K., Suwatno, S., & Machmud, A. (2020). Efikasi diri dan motivasi: sebagai mediasi pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap minat berwirausaha. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Ekonomi, 5 (2), 59-69. DOI: 10.21067/jrpe.v5i2.4577
Herath, H. M. A., & Mahmood, R. (2013). Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Firm Performance. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 13 (4), 23-30.
Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., Cardella, G. M., & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2020). Psychological factors that lessen the impact of covid-19 on the self-employment intention of business administration and economics' students from Latin America. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (15), 1-22. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155293
Ikhsania, Z. (2015). Pengaruh Implementasi Internal Marketing Terhadap Kinerja Melalui Kepuasan Tenaga Kependidikan Di Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik, 1 (2), 59-69. DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiap.2015.001.02.9
Ismail, V. Y. (2014). The Comparison of Entrepreneurial Competency in Woman Micro-, Small-, and Medium-scale Entrepreneurs. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115 (Iicies 2013), 175-187. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.426
Jabar Prov (2022). Jabar Prov, https://jabarprov.go.id (accessed: 09.04.2022).
Kazumi, T., & Kawai, N. (2017). Institutional support and women's entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11 (3), 345-365. DOI: 10.1108/apjie-12-2017-041
Latifah, L., Setiawan, D., Aryani, Y. A., & Rahmawati, R. (2021). Business strategy - MSMEs' performance relationship: innovation and accounting information system as mediators. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 28 (1), 1-21. DOI: 10.1108/JSBED-04-2019-0116
Linnenluecke, M. K., & McKnight, B. (2017). Community resilience to natural disasters: the role of disaster entrepreneurship. Journal of Enterprising Communities, 11 (1), 166-185. DOI: 10.1108/JEC-01-2015-0005
Martinelli, E., Tagliazucchi, G., & Marchi, G. (2018). The resilient retail entrepreneur: dynamic capabilities for facing natural disasters. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 24 (7), 1222-1243. DOI: 10.1108/IJEBR-11-2016-0386
Mauludiana, M. S., Supriatna, N., & Sojanah J. (2020). The Influence Of Entrepreneurship Knowledge And Self Efficacy Towards Entrepreneurial Intention Students Of Class Xi Ips Senior High School. Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri, 4 (3): 7-8.
McGee, J. E., Peterson, M., Mueller, S. L., & Sequeira, J. M. (2009). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: Refining the measure. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33 (4), 965-988. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00304.x
Miao, C., Qian, S., & Ma, D. (2017). The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Firm Performance: A Meta-Analysis of Main and Moderator Effects. Journal of Small Business Management, 55 (1), 87-107. DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12240
Monllor, J., & Murphy, P. J. (2017). Natural disasters, entrepreneurship, and creation after destruction: A conceptual approach. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 23 (4), 618-637. DOI: 10.1108/IJEBR-02-2016-0050
Pal, R., Torstensson, H., & Mattila, H. (2014). Antecedents of organizational resilience in economic crises - An empirical study of Swedish textile and clothing SMEs. International Journal of Production Economics, 147 (PART B), 410-428. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.02.031
Piperopoulos, P., & Dimov, D. (2015). Burst Bubbles or Build Steam? Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 53 (4), 970-985. DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12116
Purnamasari, D. I., Herianto, & Simanjuntak, O. S. (2020). Factors Affecting the Use of Online Applications for Business Process Reengineering (BPR) Acceleration in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) as a Consequence of Covid-19 Pandemic. Archives of Business Research, 8 (8), 151-158. DOI: 10.14738/abr.88.8832
Rahmi, E., & Yuzaria, D. (2021). The government support model on the development of SMEs in West Sumatera Province. Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 757 (1), 1-9. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/757/1/012005
Renko, M., Bullough, A., & Saeed, S. (2021). How do resilience and self-efficacy relate to entrepreneurial intentions in countries with varying degrees of fragility? A six-country study. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 39 (2), 130-156. DOI: 10.1177/0266242620960456
Roziqin, A., Mas'udi, S. Y. F., & Sihidi, I. T. (2021). An analysis of Indonesian government policies against COVID-19. Public Administration and Policy, 24 (1), 92-107. DOI: 10.1108/pap-08-2020-0039
Sabatino, M. (2016). Economic crisis and resilience: Resilient capacity and competitiveness of the enterprises. Journal of Business Research, 69 (5), 1924-1927. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.081
Salisu, I., Hashim, N., Mashi, M. S., & Aliyu, H. G. (2020). Perseverance of effort and consistency of interest for entrepreneurial career success: Does resilience matter? Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 12 (2), 279-304. DOI: 10.1108/JEEE-02-2019-0025
Sawalha, I. H. (2020). A contemporary perspective on the disaster management cycle. Foresight, 22 (4), 469-482. DOI: 10.1108/FS-11-2019-0097
Shinnar, R. S., Hsu, D. K., & Powell, B. C. (2014). Self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intentions, and gender: Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education longitudinally. International Journal of Management Education, 12 (3), 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijme.2014.09.005
Stephan, U., Zbierowski, P., & Hanard, P.-J. (2020). Entrepreneurship and Covid-19: Challenges and opportunities. King's Business School Impact Paper, 2: 1-18, https://www.kcl.ac.uk/business/assets/PDF/research-papers/country-report-uk-entrepreneurship-and-covid-19-challenges-and-opportunities-an-assessment-of-the-short-and-long-term-consequences-for-uk-small-businesses.pdf (accessed: 09.04.2022)
Sultan, S., & Sultan, W. I. M. (2020). Women MSMEs in times of crisis: challenges and opportunities. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 27 (7), 1069-1083. DOI: 10.1108/JSBED-06-2020-0226
Sun, J., Buys, N., Wang, X., & McAuley, A. (2011). Using the concept of resilience to explain entrepreneurial success in China. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 11 (2-4), 182-202. DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2011.044637
Susan, M. (2020). Financial literacy and growth of micro, small, and medium enterprises in West Java, Indonesia. In W. A. Barnett, B. S. Sergi (Eds.), Advanced Issues in the Economics of Emerging Markets, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics (pp. 39-48). Bingley, UK: Emerald. DOI: 10.1108/S1571-038620200000027004
Tambunan, T. (2020). MSMEs in Times of Crisis: Evidence From Indonesia. Journal of Developing Economies, 5 (2), 89-102. DOI: 10.20473/jde.v5i2.20848
Tanaya, D. R., & Ekyawan, F. (2020). Empowerment Strategy on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Case Study of BRI Microfinance Center. E3S Web of Conferences ICENIS, 202, 1-15. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202020203022
Thukral, E. (2021). COVID-19: Small and medium enterprises challenges and responses with creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Strategic Change, 30 (2), 153-158. DOI: 10.1002/jsc.2399
Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & Oppen, C. Van. (2009). Assessing Using PLS Path Modeling Hierarchical and Empirical Construct Models: Guidelines. MIS Quarterly, 33 (1), 177-195.
Widianingrum, E. (2020). Pengaruh Efikasi Diri Dan Lingkungan Keluarga Terhadap Minat Wirausaha Siswa Smk Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Point, 2 (2), 133-141. DOI: 10.46918/point.v2i2.726

Referencje

Abdullah, S. M. (2019). Social Cognitive Theory: A Bandura Thought Review published in 1982-2012. Psikodimensia, 18 (1), 85-100. DOI: 10.24167/psidim.v18i1.1708

Adam, N. A., & Alarifi, G. (2021). Innovation practices for survival of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the COVID-19 times: The Role of External Support. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 6, 1-22.

Ayala, J. C., & Manzano, G. (2014). The resilience of the entrepreneur: Influence on the success of the business. A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Economic Psychology, 42, 126-135. DOI: 10.1016/j.joep.2014.02.004

Bai, C., Quayson, M., & Sarkis, J. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic digitization lessons for sustainable development of micro-and small-enterprises. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 1989-2001. DOI: 10.1016/j.spc.2021.04.035

Boyd, N. G., & Vozikis, G. S. (1994). The Influence of Self-Efficacy on the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions and Actions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18 (4), 63-77. DOI: 10.1177/104225879401800404

Castro, M. P., & Gómez Zermeno, M. G. (2020). Being an entrepreneur post-COVID-19 - resilience in times of crisis: a systematic literature review. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 13 (4): 721-746. DOI: 10.1108/JEEE-07-2020-0246

Chen, C. C., & Greene, P. G. (1998). Does Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy Distinguish Entrepreneurship from Manager? Journal of Business Venturing, 13, 295-316.

Fatoki, O. (2018). The impact of entrepreneurial resilience on the success of small and medium enterprises in South Africa. Sustainability, 10 (7). DOI: 10.3390/su10072527

Fisher, R., Maritz, A., & Lobo, A. (2016). Does individual resilience influence entrepreneurial success. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 22 (2), 39-53.

Hadi, N. U., 7 Abdullah, N. (2018). The leverage of entrepreneur skills and entrepreneur traits to business success: A case study of Pakistan's marble industry. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 33 (3), 315-334. DOI: 10.1504/IJESB.2018.090216

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks, LA: Sage Publishing.

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31 (1), 2-24. DOI: 10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Hallak, R., Lindsay, N. J., & Brown, G. (2011). Examining the role of entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on SMTE performance. Tourism Analysis, 16 (5), 583-599. DOI: 10.3727/108354211X13202764960744

Hapuk, M. S. K., Suwatno, S., & Machmud, A. (2020). Efikasi diri dan motivasi: sebagai mediasi pengaruh pendidikan kewirausahaan terhadap minat berwirausaha. Jurnal Riset Pendidikan Ekonomi, 5 (2), 59-69. DOI: 10.21067/jrpe.v5i2.4577

Herath, H. M. A., & Mahmood, R. (2013). Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Firm Performance. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 13 (4), 23-30.

Hernández-Sánchez, B. R., Cardella, G. M., & Sánchez-García, J. C. (2020). Psychological factors that lessen the impact of covid-19 on the self-employment intention of business administration and economics' students from Latin America. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (15), 1-22. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155293

Ikhsania, Z. (2015). Pengaruh Implementasi Internal Marketing Terhadap Kinerja Melalui Kepuasan Tenaga Kependidikan Di Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik, 1 (2), 59-69. DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiap.2015.001.02.9

Ismail, V. Y. (2014). The Comparison of Entrepreneurial Competency in Woman Micro-, Small-, and Medium-scale Entrepreneurs. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 115 (Iicies 2013), 175-187. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.426

Jabar Prov (2022). Jabar Prov, https://jabarprov.go.id (accessed: 09.04.2022).

Kazumi, T., & Kawai, N. (2017). Institutional support and women's entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11 (3), 345-365. DOI: 10.1108/apjie-12-2017-041

Latifah, L., Setiawan, D., Aryani, Y. A., & Rahmawati, R. (2021). Business strategy - MSMEs' performance relationship: innovation and accounting information system as mediators. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 28 (1), 1-21. DOI: 10.1108/JSBED-04-2019-0116

Linnenluecke, M. K., & McKnight, B. (2017). Community resilience to natural disasters: the role of disaster entrepreneurship. Journal of Enterprising Communities, 11 (1), 166-185. DOI: 10.1108/JEC-01-2015-0005

Martinelli, E., Tagliazucchi, G., & Marchi, G. (2018). The resilient retail entrepreneur: dynamic capabilities for facing natural disasters. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 24 (7), 1222-1243. DOI: 10.1108/IJEBR-11-2016-0386

Mauludiana, M. S., Supriatna, N., & Sojanah J. (2020). The Influence Of Entrepreneurship Knowledge And Self Efficacy Towards Entrepreneurial Intention Students Of Class Xi Ips Senior High School. Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri, 4 (3): 7-8.

McGee, J. E., Peterson, M., Mueller, S. L., & Sequeira, J. M. (2009). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: Refining the measure. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33 (4), 965-988. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00304.x

Miao, C., Qian, S., & Ma, D. (2017). The Relationship between Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Firm Performance: A Meta-Analysis of Main and Moderator Effects. Journal of Small Business Management, 55 (1), 87-107. DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12240

Monllor, J., & Murphy, P. J. (2017). Natural disasters, entrepreneurship, and creation after destruction: A conceptual approach. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 23 (4), 618-637. DOI: 10.1108/IJEBR-02-2016-0050

Pal, R., Torstensson, H., & Mattila, H. (2014). Antecedents of organizational resilience in economic crises - An empirical study of Swedish textile and clothing SMEs. International Journal of Production Economics, 147 (PART B), 410-428. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2013.02.031

Piperopoulos, P., & Dimov, D. (2015). Burst Bubbles or Build Steam? Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, and Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 53 (4), 970-985. DOI: 10.1111/jsbm.12116

Purnamasari, D. I., Herianto, & Simanjuntak, O. S. (2020). Factors Affecting the Use of Online Applications for Business Process Reengineering (BPR) Acceleration in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) as a Consequence of Covid-19 Pandemic. Archives of Business Research, 8 (8), 151-158. DOI: 10.14738/abr.88.8832

Rahmi, E., & Yuzaria, D. (2021). The government support model on the development of SMEs in West Sumatera Province. Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 757 (1), 1-9. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/757/1/012005

Renko, M., Bullough, A., & Saeed, S. (2021). How do resilience and self-efficacy relate to entrepreneurial intentions in countries with varying degrees of fragility? A six-country study. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 39 (2), 130-156. DOI: 10.1177/0266242620960456

Roziqin, A., Mas'udi, S. Y. F., & Sihidi, I. T. (2021). An analysis of Indonesian government policies against COVID-19. Public Administration and Policy, 24 (1), 92-107. DOI: 10.1108/pap-08-2020-0039

Sabatino, M. (2016). Economic crisis and resilience: Resilient capacity and competitiveness of the enterprises. Journal of Business Research, 69 (5), 1924-1927. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.081

Salisu, I., Hashim, N., Mashi, M. S., & Aliyu, H. G. (2020). Perseverance of effort and consistency of interest for entrepreneurial career success: Does resilience matter? Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 12 (2), 279-304. DOI: 10.1108/JEEE-02-2019-0025

Sawalha, I. H. (2020). A contemporary perspective on the disaster management cycle. Foresight, 22 (4), 469-482. DOI: 10.1108/FS-11-2019-0097

Shinnar, R. S., Hsu, D. K., & Powell, B. C. (2014). Self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intentions, and gender: Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education longitudinally. International Journal of Management Education, 12 (3), 1-10. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijme.2014.09.005

Stephan, U., Zbierowski, P., & Hanard, P.-J. (2020). Entrepreneurship and Covid-19: Challenges and opportunities. King's Business School Impact Paper, 2: 1-18, https://www.kcl.ac.uk/business/assets/PDF/research-papers/country-report-uk-entrepreneurship-and-covid-19-challenges-and-opportunities-an-assessment-of-the-short-and-long-term-consequences-for-uk-small-businesses.pdf (accessed: 09.04.2022)

Sultan, S., & Sultan, W. I. M. (2020). Women MSMEs in times of crisis: challenges and opportunities. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 27 (7), 1069-1083. DOI: 10.1108/JSBED-06-2020-0226

Sun, J., Buys, N., Wang, X., & McAuley, A. (2011). Using the concept of resilience to explain entrepreneurial success in China. International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, 11 (2-4), 182-202. DOI: 10.1504/IJMED.2011.044637

Susan, M. (2020). Financial literacy and growth of micro, small, and medium enterprises in West Java, Indonesia. In W. A. Barnett, B. S. Sergi (Eds.), Advanced Issues in the Economics of Emerging Markets, International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics (pp. 39-48). Bingley, UK: Emerald. DOI: 10.1108/S1571-038620200000027004

Tambunan, T. (2020). MSMEs in Times of Crisis: Evidence From Indonesia. Journal of Developing Economies, 5 (2), 89-102. DOI: 10.20473/jde.v5i2.20848

Tanaya, D. R., & Ekyawan, F. (2020). Empowerment Strategy on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: A Case Study of BRI Microfinance Center. E3S Web of Conferences ICENIS, 202, 1-15. DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/202020203022

Thukral, E. (2021). COVID-19: Small and medium enterprises challenges and responses with creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship. Strategic Change, 30 (2), 153-158. DOI: 10.1002/jsc.2399

Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & Oppen, C. Van. (2009). Assessing Using PLS Path Modeling Hierarchical and Empirical Construct Models: Guidelines. MIS Quarterly, 33 (1), 177-195.

Widianingrum, E. (2020). Pengaruh Efikasi Diri Dan Lingkungan Keluarga Terhadap Minat Wirausaha Siswa Smk Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Point, 2 (2), 133-141. DOI: 10.46918/point.v2i2.726

Wydajność biznesowa w czasie kryzysu związanego z COVID-19. Wkład w przedsiębiorczą rezyliencję

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