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Artykuł dotyczy porównania dwóch przypadków niekonfrontacyjnej asymetrii w stosunkach międzynarodowych: między Tajwanem a Stanami Zjednoczonymi oraz między Polską a Stanami Zjednoczonymi. Autor bada różnice i elementy wspólne obu sytuacji. Wynik stanowi podstawę do badań porównawczych dotyczących nie tylko międzynarodowej sytuacji Tajpej i Warszawy, ale także wprowadzenie do porównawczych podejść dotyczących wydarzeń politycznych w Europie Wschodniej i Azji Wschodniej.
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Czasopismo „Studia z Polityki Publicznej/Public Policy Studies” zapewnia dostęp do treści artykułów w trybie otwartego dostępu (Open Access) na zasadach licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe (CC BY 4.0).
Więcej informacji: Polityka Open Access czasopisma "Studia z Polityki Publicznej/Public Policy Studies"
Referencje
- AIT [1982], Joint Communiqué of the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China 1982, American Institute in Taiwan, August 17, http://www.ait.org.tw/en/us-jointcommunique-1982.html (16.01.2015).
- Antonowicz L. [1997], Status prawnomiędzynarodowy Republiki Chińskiej na Tajwanie, in: Tajwan w stosunkach międzynarodowych, E. Haliżak (ed.), Scholar, Warsaw.
- Bergstern C.F. [2008], A Partnership of Equals, “Foreign Affairs”, vol. 87, no. 4.
- Brzeziński Z. [2010], From Hope to Audacity, Appraising Obama’s Foreign Policy, “Foreign Affairs”, vol. 89, no. 1.
- Bullard M.E. [2007], Strait Talk: Avoiding a Nuclear War Between the US and China Over Taiwan, Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey.
- Cameron D. [2015], U.S. Clears Weapons Sale to Taiwan, “The Wall Street Journal”, December 16,
- http://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-clears-weapons-sale-to-taiwan-1450291541 (16.01.2015).
- CFA [2000], If Taiwan Declares Independence and China Reacts with Force, On Whom Should the US Lean Harder?, Council of Foreign Affairs, April 19, http://www.cfr.org/asia-andpacific/if-taiwan-declares-independence-china-reacts-force-whom-should-us-lean-harderchina-taiwan/p3628 (16.01.2015).
- Cheng Lo C. [2010], Deconstructing ECFA, Challenges and Opportunities for Taiwan, Taiwan Brain Trust, Taipei.
- Chien-chao H. [2011], A New History of Taiwan, Taipei.
- Cline R.S. [1980], World Power Trends and U.S. Foreign Policy for the 1980’s, Westview Press, Boulder.
- Cohen Z. [2015], U.S. Sells $ 1.83 Billion of Weapons to Taiwan Despite Chinese Objections,
- CNN Politics, December 17, http://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/16/politics/u-s-taiwan-armssales/ (16.01.2015).
- CRS [2012], Pivot to the Pacific? The Obama Administration’s Rebalancing Toward Asia, Congressional Research Service, March 28.
- Dionne Jr.E.J. [2009], The Obama Doctrine in Action, “The Washington Post”, April 16,
- http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/15/AR2009041502902.html (16.01.2015).
- Dobrzycki W. [1996], Historia stosunków międzynarodowych w czasach nowożytnych, 1815–1945, Scholar, Warsaw.
- FAC [2013], Taiwan Policy Act, Foreign Affairs Committee, http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/bill/hr419-taiwan-policy-act-2013 (16.01.2015).
- Finnmore M. [2003], The Purpose of Intervention, Changing Believes about the Use of Force, Cornell University Press, New York.
- Gaddis J.L. [2007], Strategie powstrzymywania, Książka i Wiedza, Warsaw.
- Gardner L.C. [1999], Strefy wpływów, wielkie mocarstwa i podział Europy, Książka i Wiedza, Warsaw.
- Heath T.R. [2014], China and the US Alliance System, ”The Diplomat”, June 11, http://thediplomat.com/2014/06/china-and-the-u-s-alliance-system/ (16.01.2015).
- Hongang W. [2014], With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility, Konrad Adenauer Stifftung Dicussion Paper, June.
- Hu Z., Kuo D. [2010], U.S. Arms Sales to Return to Normal Track: Taiwan Official, TheGlobalSecurity.org, August 26, http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/taiwan/2010/taiwan100826-cna01.htm (16.01.2015).
- Inboden W. [2009], What Is Power? A Bold New Design for a Master Metric of National Power, “The American Interest”, vol. V, no. 2.
- Kaplan R. [2010], The Geography of Chinese Power, How Far Can Beijing Reach on Land and at Sea, “Foreign Affairs”, vol. 89, no. 3.
- Kowalczyk A. [2015], Polityka Polski wobec Ukrainy w 2014r. – próba bilansu, “Biuletyn OPINIE FAE”, no. 3, http://fae.pl/biuletynopiniefaerpukraina2014.pdf (16.01.2015).
- Kowanda C. [2014], CBOS: 35 proc. młodych Polaków rozważa emigrację, “Polityka”, December 5, http://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/rynek/1601651,1, cbos-35-proc-mlodychpolakow-rozwaza-emigracje.read (16.01.2015).
- MFARP [1979], Taiwan Relations Act, January 1, http://www.ait.org.tw/en/taiwan-relationsact.html (16.01.2015).
- MFARP [2016], Polsko-amerykańskie stosunki dwustronne, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Poland, https://www.msz.gov.pl/pl/polityka_zagraniczna/inne_kontynenty/ameryka_polnocna/stosunki_dwustronne_ameryka_pln/polsko_amerykanskie_stosunki_dwustronne;jsessionid=30615330C53F1FB4EC7DC9A007915DDF.cmsap1p (16.01.2015).
- NATO [1997], The Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security between NATO and the Russian Federation, http://web.archive.org/web/19980130072914/http://www.nato.int/docu/basictxt/fndact-b.htm (16.01.2015).
- NATO [1999], The Washington Declaration, April 23, http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99-063e.htm (16.01.2015).
- NPC [2005], The Anti-Secession Law, Adopted at the Third Session of the Tenth National People’s Congress on March 14, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cebe/eng/zt/gs/t187130.htm (16.01.2015).
- Nye J.S., Jr. [2012], Przyszłość siły, PWN, Warsaw.
- NYT [2007], Democratic Presidential Debate on NPR, “The New York Times”, December 4, http://
- www.nytimes.com/2007/12/04/us/politics/04transcript-debate.html?pagewanted=7&_r=0 (16.01.2015).
- Polak A., Joniak J. [2013], Sztuka wojenna, Akademia Obrony Narodowej, Warsaw.
- QS [2015], QS World University Rankings 2015/16, http://www.topuniversities.com/universityrankings/world-university-rankings/2015#sorting=rank+region=+country=+faculty=+stars=false+search= (16.01.2015).
- Schlapak D., Orletsky D.T., Reid T.I. [2009], A Question of Balance, Political Context and Military Aspects of a China-Taiwan Dispute, RAND Corporation, National Security Research Division, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2009/RAND_MG888.pdf (16.01.2015).
- TG [2015], US and Poland in Talks Over Weapons Deployment in Eastern Europe, “The Guardian”, June 14, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/14/us-poland-weapons-deploymenteastern-europe-russia (18.02.2016).
- The text and comment concerning the Shanghai Communiqué [n.d.], http://www.stosunkimiedzynarodowe.info/haslo,komunikat_szanghajski (16.01.2015).
- Toft I.A. [2001], How the Weak Win Wars, a Theory of Asymmetric Conflict, “International Security”, vol. 26, no. 1.
- Tong-chen M. [2010], China’s Strategy Toward Taiwan, in: Deconstructing ECFA, Challenges and Opportunities for Taiwan, C. Cheng Lo (ed.), Taiwan Brain Trust, Taipei.
- TT [2013], US Passes Law Supporting Taiwan ICAO Bid, “Taipei Times”, Jul 14, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/07/14/2003567056 (16.01.2015).
- TT [2016], Russia condemns ‘aggressive’ US plan for tanks in Eastern Europe, “The Telegraph”, February 17, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11675648/Russiacondemns-aggressive-US-plan-for-tanks-in-Eastern-Europe.html (18.02.2016).
- U.S. [1957], American Foreign Policy. 1950–1955 Basic Documents, Historical Office. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.
- U.S. TaiwanConnect [2015], The Information Gateway to the U.S.-Taiwan Partnership, http://www.ustaiwanconnect.org/US-Taiwan-Relations/Trade
- Wei C.N. [2010], China’s Anti-Secession Law and Hu Jintao’s Policy, “Yale Journal of International Affairs”, no. 4, pp. 112–127, http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/105112wei.pdf (16.01.2015).
- Wojtas M. [2013], Innowacyjność polskiej gospodarki na tle krajów Unii Europejskiej, “Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego”, no. 57.
- Wu J.J. [2014], The Future of U.S.-Taiwan Relations, “The Diplomat”, May 14, http://thediplomat.com/2014/05/the-future-of-u-s-taiwan-relations/ (16.01.2015).
- Zybertowicz A. [2014], Pułapka średniego rozwoju, “W sieci”, no. 9, http://wpolityce.pl/polityka/186963-pulapka-sredniego-rozwoju-pulapka-polega-na-zadowoleniu-sie-widzialnympostepem-i-niedostrzezeniu-braku-trwalych-podstaw-samodzielnego-rozwoju (16.01.2015)
Referencje
AIT [1982], Joint Communiqué of the United States of America and the People’s Republic of China 1982, American Institute in Taiwan, August 17, http://www.ait.org.tw/en/us-jointcommunique-1982.html (16.01.2015).
Antonowicz L. [1997], Status prawnomiędzynarodowy Republiki Chińskiej na Tajwanie, in: Tajwan w stosunkach międzynarodowych, E. Haliżak (ed.), Scholar, Warsaw.
Bergstern C.F. [2008], A Partnership of Equals, “Foreign Affairs”, vol. 87, no. 4.
Brzeziński Z. [2010], From Hope to Audacity, Appraising Obama’s Foreign Policy, “Foreign Affairs”, vol. 89, no. 1.
Bullard M.E. [2007], Strait Talk: Avoiding a Nuclear War Between the US and China Over Taiwan, Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey.
Cameron D. [2015], U.S. Clears Weapons Sale to Taiwan, “The Wall Street Journal”, December 16,
http://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-clears-weapons-sale-to-taiwan-1450291541 (16.01.2015).
CFA [2000], If Taiwan Declares Independence and China Reacts with Force, On Whom Should the US Lean Harder?, Council of Foreign Affairs, April 19, http://www.cfr.org/asia-andpacific/if-taiwan-declares-independence-china-reacts-force-whom-should-us-lean-harderchina-taiwan/p3628 (16.01.2015).
Cheng Lo C. [2010], Deconstructing ECFA, Challenges and Opportunities for Taiwan, Taiwan Brain Trust, Taipei.
Chien-chao H. [2011], A New History of Taiwan, Taipei.
Cline R.S. [1980], World Power Trends and U.S. Foreign Policy for the 1980’s, Westview Press, Boulder.
Cohen Z. [2015], U.S. Sells $ 1.83 Billion of Weapons to Taiwan Despite Chinese Objections,
CNN Politics, December 17, http://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/16/politics/u-s-taiwan-armssales/ (16.01.2015).
CRS [2012], Pivot to the Pacific? The Obama Administration’s Rebalancing Toward Asia, Congressional Research Service, March 28.
Dionne Jr.E.J. [2009], The Obama Doctrine in Action, “The Washington Post”, April 16,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/04/15/AR2009041502902.html (16.01.2015).
Dobrzycki W. [1996], Historia stosunków międzynarodowych w czasach nowożytnych, 1815–1945, Scholar, Warsaw.
FAC [2013], Taiwan Policy Act, Foreign Affairs Committee, http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/bill/hr419-taiwan-policy-act-2013 (16.01.2015).
Finnmore M. [2003], The Purpose of Intervention, Changing Believes about the Use of Force, Cornell University Press, New York.
Gaddis J.L. [2007], Strategie powstrzymywania, Książka i Wiedza, Warsaw.
Gardner L.C. [1999], Strefy wpływów, wielkie mocarstwa i podział Europy, Książka i Wiedza, Warsaw.
Heath T.R. [2014], China and the US Alliance System, ”The Diplomat”, June 11, http://thediplomat.com/2014/06/china-and-the-u-s-alliance-system/ (16.01.2015).
Hongang W. [2014], With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility, Konrad Adenauer Stifftung Dicussion Paper, June.
Hu Z., Kuo D. [2010], U.S. Arms Sales to Return to Normal Track: Taiwan Official, TheGlobalSecurity.org, August 26, http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/taiwan/2010/taiwan100826-cna01.htm (16.01.2015).
Inboden W. [2009], What Is Power? A Bold New Design for a Master Metric of National Power, “The American Interest”, vol. V, no. 2.
Kaplan R. [2010], The Geography of Chinese Power, How Far Can Beijing Reach on Land and at Sea, “Foreign Affairs”, vol. 89, no. 3.
Kowalczyk A. [2015], Polityka Polski wobec Ukrainy w 2014r. – próba bilansu, “Biuletyn OPINIE FAE”, no. 3, http://fae.pl/biuletynopiniefaerpukraina2014.pdf (16.01.2015).
Kowanda C. [2014], CBOS: 35 proc. młodych Polaków rozważa emigrację, “Polityka”, December 5, http://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/rynek/1601651,1, cbos-35-proc-mlodychpolakow-rozwaza-emigracje.read (16.01.2015).
MFARP [1979], Taiwan Relations Act, January 1, http://www.ait.org.tw/en/taiwan-relationsact.html (16.01.2015).
MFARP [2016], Polsko-amerykańskie stosunki dwustronne, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Poland, https://www.msz.gov.pl/pl/polityka_zagraniczna/inne_kontynenty/ameryka_polnocna/stosunki_dwustronne_ameryka_pln/polsko_amerykanskie_stosunki_dwustronne;jsessionid=30615330C53F1FB4EC7DC9A007915DDF.cmsap1p (16.01.2015).
NATO [1997], The Founding Act on Mutual Relations, Cooperation and Security between NATO and the Russian Federation, http://web.archive.org/web/19980130072914/http://www.nato.int/docu/basictxt/fndact-b.htm (16.01.2015).
NATO [1999], The Washington Declaration, April 23, http://www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99-063e.htm (16.01.2015).
NPC [2005], The Anti-Secession Law, Adopted at the Third Session of the Tenth National People’s Congress on March 14, http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cebe/eng/zt/gs/t187130.htm (16.01.2015).
Nye J.S., Jr. [2012], Przyszłość siły, PWN, Warsaw.
NYT [2007], Democratic Presidential Debate on NPR, “The New York Times”, December 4, http://
www.nytimes.com/2007/12/04/us/politics/04transcript-debate.html?pagewanted=7&_r=0 (16.01.2015).
Polak A., Joniak J. [2013], Sztuka wojenna, Akademia Obrony Narodowej, Warsaw.
QS [2015], QS World University Rankings 2015/16, http://www.topuniversities.com/universityrankings/world-university-rankings/2015#sorting=rank+region=+country=+faculty=+stars=false+search= (16.01.2015).
Schlapak D., Orletsky D.T., Reid T.I. [2009], A Question of Balance, Political Context and Military Aspects of a China-Taiwan Dispute, RAND Corporation, National Security Research Division, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2009/RAND_MG888.pdf (16.01.2015).
TG [2015], US and Poland in Talks Over Weapons Deployment in Eastern Europe, “The Guardian”, June 14, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/14/us-poland-weapons-deploymenteastern-europe-russia (18.02.2016).
The text and comment concerning the Shanghai Communiqué [n.d.], http://www.stosunkimiedzynarodowe.info/haslo,komunikat_szanghajski (16.01.2015).
Toft I.A. [2001], How the Weak Win Wars, a Theory of Asymmetric Conflict, “International Security”, vol. 26, no. 1.
Tong-chen M. [2010], China’s Strategy Toward Taiwan, in: Deconstructing ECFA, Challenges and Opportunities for Taiwan, C. Cheng Lo (ed.), Taiwan Brain Trust, Taipei.
TT [2013], US Passes Law Supporting Taiwan ICAO Bid, “Taipei Times”, Jul 14, http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/07/14/2003567056 (16.01.2015).
TT [2016], Russia condemns ‘aggressive’ US plan for tanks in Eastern Europe, “The Telegraph”, February 17, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11675648/Russiacondemns-aggressive-US-plan-for-tanks-in-Eastern-Europe.html (18.02.2016).
U.S. [1957], American Foreign Policy. 1950–1955 Basic Documents, Historical Office. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.
U.S. TaiwanConnect [2015], The Information Gateway to the U.S.-Taiwan Partnership, http://www.ustaiwanconnect.org/US-Taiwan-Relations/Trade
Wei C.N. [2010], China’s Anti-Secession Law and Hu Jintao’s Policy, “Yale Journal of International Affairs”, no. 4, pp. 112–127, http://yalejournal.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/105112wei.pdf (16.01.2015).
Wojtas M. [2013], Innowacyjność polskiej gospodarki na tle krajów Unii Europejskiej, “Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego”, no. 57.
Wu J.J. [2014], The Future of U.S.-Taiwan Relations, “The Diplomat”, May 14, http://thediplomat.com/2014/05/the-future-of-u-s-taiwan-relations/ (16.01.2015).
Zybertowicz A. [2014], Pułapka średniego rozwoju, “W sieci”, no. 9, http://wpolityce.pl/polityka/186963-pulapka-sredniego-rozwoju-pulapka-polega-na-zadowoleniu-sie-widzialnympostepem-i-niedostrzezeniu-braku-trwalych-podstaw-samodzielnego-rozwoju (16.01.2015)