Innovativeness of women-owned businesses in the sectors of tourism and creative industries/services in the Baltic Sea countries
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Abstract
The paper presents results of a pilot study conducted in the second half of 2015 as part of the project Gender, Innovation and Sustainable Development in the Baltic Sea Region in the following five countries: Estonia, Poland, Sweden, Lithuania and Latvia. The countries differ in terms of the scale of female entrepreneurship and the level of innovativeness of their economies, but also in respect of state policy for gender equality. With an index at the level of 74 points, Sweden tops the ranking of the Gender Equality Index, while the other countries that fall within the scope of this research have a significantly lower index: Estonia – 54, Latvia – 47, Poland – 44, Lithuania – 40 [EIGE 2013]. Sweden is also a leader in the Innovation Union Scoreboard 2014 ranking (outdoing Denmark and Finland); Estonia, Lithuania and Poland, on the other hand, have been classified to a group of moderate innovators, while Latvia – to a group of modest innovators . EU experts hold an opinion that the success of Sweden (and other Scandinavian countries) in the area of innovativeness comes not only from high R&D expenditures, but also from socio-cultural factors, such as equal opportunities and focus on cooperation (socalled multilevel governance). (fragment of the text)
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