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Abstrakt
W artykule omówiono zasady i mechanizmy zarządzania norweskim systemem oświaty z punktu widzenia jego podstawowego celu, tj. zapewnienia równych warunków nauczania dla wszystkich dzieci, niezależnie od ich pochodzenia i statusu społeczno-ekonomicznego ucznia. Norwegia uchodzi za przykład państwa, w którym na politykę edukacyjną nie oddziaływał silnie nurt neoliberalizmu ekonomicznego oraz idee modernizacji sektora publicznego w duchu nowego zarządzania publicznego. Norweski system oświaty cechuje się natomiast znacznym poziomem zdecentralizowania - lokalne struktury samorządowe odpowiedzialne są za zapewnienie miejsc do realizacji prawa do edukacji przedszkolnej, obowiązku szkolnego i prawa do nauki. Znakomita większość uczniów pobiera naukę w szkołach publicznych. Odnotowuje się jednak niewielki, lecz systematycznie wzrastający, udział sektora niepublicznego w oświacie oraz przypadki wykorzystywania instrumentów z zakresu kontraktowania usług publicznych, a także partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego.
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Czasopismo „Studia z Polityki Publicznej/Public Policy Studies” zapewnia dostęp do treści artykułów w trybie otwartego dostępu (Open Access) na zasadach licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe (CC BY 4.0).
Więcej informacji: Polityka Open Access czasopisma "Studia z Polityki Publicznej/Public Policy Studies"
Referencje
- Autonomia szkół w Europie – strategie i działania, Dyrekcja Generalna ds. Edukacji i Kultury, Eurydice, Fundacja Rozwoju Systemu Edukacji, Warszawa 2008.
- Beck Ch. W., Home Education and Social Integration, “Critical Social Studies” 2008, No. 2.
- Early Childhood Education and Care in Europe: Tackling Social and Cultural Inequalities, Eurydice, Warszawa 2009.
- Education at a Glance 2016: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris 2016.
- Education Policy Outlook: Norway, OECD Publishing, Paris 2013.
- Education, State and Citizenship, red. M. Buchardt, P. Markkola, H. Valtonen, “NordWel Studies in Historical Welfare State Research” 2013, No. 4, Nordic Centre of Excellence NORDWEL, Helsinki.
- Engel A., Barnett W. S., Anders Y., Taguma M., Early Childhood Education and Care Policy Review: Norway, OECD Publishing, Paris 2015.
- Equity and Quality in Education. Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools, OECD Publishing, Paris 2012.
- Flew T., Six theories of Neoliberalism, “Thesis Eleven” 2014, Vol. 122, No. 1.
- Funding of Education in Europe 2000–2012. The Impact of Economic Crisis, Eurydice Report, European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice, Publications O"ce of the European Union, Luxembourg 2013.
- Haug K. H., Storø J., Kindergarten – a Universal Right for Children in Norway, “International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy” 2013, Vol. 7, No. 2.
- Helgoy I., Homme A., Governance in Primary and Secondary Education. Comparing Norway, Sweden and England, Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies, University of Bergen, Working Paper 16, 2004.
- Hopfenbeck T. i in., Balancing Trust and Accountability?
- Improving Lower Secondary Schools in Norway 2011, Reviews of National Policies for Education, OECD Publishing, Paris 2011.
- Key Data on Education in Europe 2012, Eurydice – Eurostat, Brussels 2012.
- Key Topics in Education in Europe: Financing and Management of Resources in Compulsory Education. Vol. 2: Trends in National Policies, O"ce for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg 2000.
- Konstytucja Królestwa Norwegii, tłum. J. Osiński, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa 1996.
- Lægreid P., Dyrnes Nordø Å., Rykkja L. H., Public Sector Reform in Norway: Views and Experiences from Senior Executives, Country Report as part of the COCOPS Research Project, May 2013.
- Lauglo J., Do Private Schools Increase Social Class Segregation in Basic Education Schools in Norway?, Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies, 2010.
- Lubienski C., Do Quasi-markets Foster Innovation in Education?: A Comparative Perspective, OECD Education Working Papers 2009, No. 25.
- Lundsgaard J., Competition and E=ciency in Publicly Funded Services, OECD Economics Department Working Papers 2002, No. 331.
- Mączyńska E., Pysz P., Liberalizm, neoliberalizm i ordoliberalizm, „Ekonomista” 2014, nr 3.
- Musset P., School Choice and Equity. Current Policies in OECD Policies and a Literature Review, OECD Education Working Papers 2012, No. 66.
- Nusche D., Earl L., Maxwell W., Shewbridge C., OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education. Norway 2011, OECD Publishing, Paris 2011.
- OECD Economic Survey of Norway, Enhancing the E ectiveness of Public Spending, OECD Publishing, Paris 2002.
- OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes. Country Background Report for Norway, January 2011, Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training.
- OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform. Norway. Preparing for the Future Now, OECD Publishing, Paris 2003.
- Opheim V., Equity in Education. Thematic Review. Country Analytical Report. Norway, Norwegian Institute for Studies in Research and Higher Education, October 2004.
- Organisation of the Education System in Norway 2009/2010, Eurydice 2011.
- Osiński J., Recenzja: Nordycki model welfare state w realiach XXI wieku. Dylematy wyboru i ewolucja systemu w społeczeństwach dobrobytu – wnioski praktyczne, „Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace” 2012, nr 1.
- Pink W. T., Noblit G. W., Second International Handbook of Urban Education, Springer International Handbooks of Education, Vol. 1, Springer, New York 2016.
- Religious Education at Schools in Europe, Part 3: Northern Europe, red. M. Rothgangel, M. Jaggle, G. Skeie, Vienna University Press, Vienna 2014.
- Solhaug T., New Public Management in Educational Reform in Norway, “Policy Futures in Education” 2011, Vol. 9, No. 2.
- Solheim-Kile E., Lædre O., Lohne J., Husefest Meland Ø., Characteristics of Public-Private Partnerships in Norway, Contract and Cost Management, Proceedings IGLC-22, June 2014, Oslo.
- Strategic Use of Public-private Cooperation in the Nordic Region, TemaNord, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen 2011.
- Teachers’ and School Heads’ Salaries and Allowances in Europe – 2015/16, Eurydice Facts and Figures, European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice, Publications O"ce of the European Union, Luxembourg 2016.
- The Education Mirror 2012. Analysis of Primary and Secondary Education and Training in Norway, Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training.
- The Education Mirror 2014. Facts and Analysis of Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary Education in Norway, Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training, Oslo 2014.
- The Nordic Education Model: ‘A School for All’ Encounters Neo-Liberal Policy, red. U. Blossing, G. Imsen, L. Moos, Springer, Dordrecht–Heilderberg–New York–London 2014.
- The Privatization of Education: A Political Economy of Global Education Reform, red. A. Verger, C. Fontdevila, A. Zancajo, Teachers College Press, New York 2016.
- The Routledge International Handbook of Religious Education, red. D. Davis, E. Miroshnikova, Routledge, London 2013.
- Value for Money in Government. Norway 2013, OECD Publishing, Paris 2013.
- Welle-Strand A., Tjeldvold A., ed School – a Paradise Lost?, “Journal of Education Policy” 2002, Vol. 17, No. 6.
- Wiborg S., Neo-liberalism and Universal State Education:
- Wokół teoretycznych wyzwań w naukach o polityce publicznej. Dyskusja z udziałem prof. Piotra Błędowskiego, prof. Włodzimierza Anioła, prof. Joachima Osińskiego, prof. Aleksandra Surdeja, prof. Ryszarda Szarfenberga i prof. Andrzeja Zybały jako moderatora, „Studia z Polityki Publicznej/Public Policy Studies” 2016, nr 1 (9), Kolegium Społeczno-Ekonomiczne, Szkoła Główna Handlowa.
- Zoglowek H., Gi@ed Children and Uni>ed School in Norway – Impossibility or Fruitful Liaison, w: Dilemmas of the Modern Educational Discourse, red. I. Surina, LIT Verlag, Berlin 2014.
Referencje
Autonomia szkół w Europie – strategie i działania, Dyrekcja Generalna ds. Edukacji i Kultury, Eurydice, Fundacja Rozwoju Systemu Edukacji, Warszawa 2008.
Beck Ch. W., Home Education and Social Integration, “Critical Social Studies” 2008, No. 2.
Early Childhood Education and Care in Europe: Tackling Social and Cultural Inequalities, Eurydice, Warszawa 2009.
Education at a Glance 2016: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris 2016.
Education Policy Outlook: Norway, OECD Publishing, Paris 2013.
Education, State and Citizenship, red. M. Buchardt, P. Markkola, H. Valtonen, “NordWel Studies in Historical Welfare State Research” 2013, No. 4, Nordic Centre of Excellence NORDWEL, Helsinki.
Engel A., Barnett W. S., Anders Y., Taguma M., Early Childhood Education and Care Policy Review: Norway, OECD Publishing, Paris 2015.
Equity and Quality in Education. Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools, OECD Publishing, Paris 2012.
Flew T., Six theories of Neoliberalism, “Thesis Eleven” 2014, Vol. 122, No. 1.
Funding of Education in Europe 2000–2012. The Impact of Economic Crisis, Eurydice Report, European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice, Publications O"ce of the European Union, Luxembourg 2013.
Haug K. H., Storø J., Kindergarten – a Universal Right for Children in Norway, “International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy” 2013, Vol. 7, No. 2.
Helgoy I., Homme A., Governance in Primary and Secondary Education. Comparing Norway, Sweden and England, Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies, University of Bergen, Working Paper 16, 2004.
Hopfenbeck T. i in., Balancing Trust and Accountability?
Improving Lower Secondary Schools in Norway 2011, Reviews of National Policies for Education, OECD Publishing, Paris 2011.
Key Data on Education in Europe 2012, Eurydice – Eurostat, Brussels 2012.
Key Topics in Education in Europe: Financing and Management of Resources in Compulsory Education. Vol. 2: Trends in National Policies, O"ce for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg 2000.
Konstytucja Królestwa Norwegii, tłum. J. Osiński, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa 1996.
Lægreid P., Dyrnes Nordø Å., Rykkja L. H., Public Sector Reform in Norway: Views and Experiences from Senior Executives, Country Report as part of the COCOPS Research Project, May 2013.
Lauglo J., Do Private Schools Increase Social Class Segregation in Basic Education Schools in Norway?, Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies, 2010.
Lubienski C., Do Quasi-markets Foster Innovation in Education?: A Comparative Perspective, OECD Education Working Papers 2009, No. 25.
Lundsgaard J., Competition and E=ciency in Publicly Funded Services, OECD Economics Department Working Papers 2002, No. 331.
Mączyńska E., Pysz P., Liberalizm, neoliberalizm i ordoliberalizm, „Ekonomista” 2014, nr 3.
Musset P., School Choice and Equity. Current Policies in OECD Policies and a Literature Review, OECD Education Working Papers 2012, No. 66.
Nusche D., Earl L., Maxwell W., Shewbridge C., OECD Reviews of Evaluation and Assessment in Education. Norway 2011, OECD Publishing, Paris 2011.
OECD Economic Survey of Norway, Enhancing the E ectiveness of Public Spending, OECD Publishing, Paris 2002.
OECD Review on Evaluation and Assessment Frameworks for Improving School Outcomes. Country Background Report for Norway, January 2011, Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training.
OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform. Norway. Preparing for the Future Now, OECD Publishing, Paris 2003.
Opheim V., Equity in Education. Thematic Review. Country Analytical Report. Norway, Norwegian Institute for Studies in Research and Higher Education, October 2004.
Organisation of the Education System in Norway 2009/2010, Eurydice 2011.
Osiński J., Recenzja: Nordycki model welfare state w realiach XXI wieku. Dylematy wyboru i ewolucja systemu w społeczeństwach dobrobytu – wnioski praktyczne, „Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace” 2012, nr 1.
Pink W. T., Noblit G. W., Second International Handbook of Urban Education, Springer International Handbooks of Education, Vol. 1, Springer, New York 2016.
Religious Education at Schools in Europe, Part 3: Northern Europe, red. M. Rothgangel, M. Jaggle, G. Skeie, Vienna University Press, Vienna 2014.
Solhaug T., New Public Management in Educational Reform in Norway, “Policy Futures in Education” 2011, Vol. 9, No. 2.
Solheim-Kile E., Lædre O., Lohne J., Husefest Meland Ø., Characteristics of Public-Private Partnerships in Norway, Contract and Cost Management, Proceedings IGLC-22, June 2014, Oslo.
Strategic Use of Public-private Cooperation in the Nordic Region, TemaNord, Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen 2011.
Teachers’ and School Heads’ Salaries and Allowances in Europe – 2015/16, Eurydice Facts and Figures, European Commission/EACEA/Eurydice, Publications O"ce of the European Union, Luxembourg 2016.
The Education Mirror 2012. Analysis of Primary and Secondary Education and Training in Norway, Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training.
The Education Mirror 2014. Facts and Analysis of Kindergarten, Primary and Secondary Education in Norway, Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training, Oslo 2014.
The Nordic Education Model: ‘A School for All’ Encounters Neo-Liberal Policy, red. U. Blossing, G. Imsen, L. Moos, Springer, Dordrecht–Heilderberg–New York–London 2014.
The Privatization of Education: A Political Economy of Global Education Reform, red. A. Verger, C. Fontdevila, A. Zancajo, Teachers College Press, New York 2016.
The Routledge International Handbook of Religious Education, red. D. Davis, E. Miroshnikova, Routledge, London 2013.
Value for Money in Government. Norway 2013, OECD Publishing, Paris 2013.
Welle-Strand A., Tjeldvold A., ed School – a Paradise Lost?, “Journal of Education Policy” 2002, Vol. 17, No. 6.
Wiborg S., Neo-liberalism and Universal State Education:
Wokół teoretycznych wyzwań w naukach o polityce publicznej. Dyskusja z udziałem prof. Piotra Błędowskiego, prof. Włodzimierza Anioła, prof. Joachima Osińskiego, prof. Aleksandra Surdeja, prof. Ryszarda Szarfenberga i prof. Andrzeja Zybały jako moderatora, „Studia z Polityki Publicznej/Public Policy Studies” 2016, nr 1 (9), Kolegium Społeczno-Ekonomiczne, Szkoła Główna Handlowa.
Zoglowek H., Gi@ed Children and Uni>ed School in Norway – Impossibility or Fruitful Liaison, w: Dilemmas of the Modern Educational Discourse, red. I. Surina, LIT Verlag, Berlin 2014.