Determinants of the Implementation of Time Strategies in the Operation of Tourism Enterprises

Authors

  • Paweł Piotrowski Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach
  • Katarzyna Czernek-Marszałek Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33119/SIP.2026.207.8

Keywords:

chance, chance management, determinants, opportunity, strategy

Abstract

Due to the high turbulence of changes in the environment and the need to quickly respond to them,the classic planning-based approach to strategy is losing its importance. Instead, the so-called timing strategies are gaining ground. Managing competitive advantage requires selecting the right moment to take action in response to emerging changes in the organisation environment. The aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of implementing timing strategies by tourism enterprises. Qualitative research in the form of focus group interviews was used to achieve this goal. This research demonstrates that the factors determining the appropriate timing for implementing organisational change are both external and internal. It also presents how they determine the decisions of the so-called change agents in organisations. The external determinants include socio-cultural, economic, demographic, political-legal, environmental and technological factors. Internal determinants include organisational structure and culture as well as tangible resources such as financial and technical resources and intangible resources such as human knowledge, competencies, experience.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Wydawnictwa zwarte

Ansoff, H. I. (1965). Corporate Strategy. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Branżowy Bilans Kapitału Ludzkiego. Branża turystyczna. Raport z II edycji badań (2023). Warszawa: PARP.

Chandler, A. D. (1962). Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprise. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Stanimir, A., Roszko-Wójtowicz, E. (2024). Sektor turystyczny w Polsce. Ocena-uwarunkowania- perspektywy. Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu.

Stasiak, A. (2022). Turystyka a jakość życia. W: Turystyka społeczna a jakość życia, P. Różycki (red.). Kraków: COPTG PTTK.

Wójcik, D., Juszczyk, P., Czernek-Marszałek, K., Piotrowski, P. (2025). Seizing Moment in Chance Management. The Case of Leisure Industries Organizations. W: Nauka i biznes wobec zmieniającego się otoczenia, A. Kawecka, B. Zatwarnicka-Madura (red.). Rzeszów: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Rzeszowskiej.

Artykuły naukowe

Abhari, S., Jalali, A., Jaafar, M., Tajaddini, R. (2022). The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Small Businesses in Tourism and Hospitality Industry in Malaysia, Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 24 (1), s. 75–91. DOI: 10.1108/JRME-07-2020-0091.

Alvarez, S. A., Barney, J. B. (2007). Discovery and Creation: Alternative Theories of Entrepreneurial Action, Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1, s. 11–27.

Bouncken, R. B., Czakon, W., Schmitt, F. (2025). Purposeful Sampling and Saturation in Qualitative Research Methodologies: Recommendations and Review, Review of Managerial Science, s. 1–37.

Camileri, M. (2014). Advancing the Sustainable Tourism Agenda Through Strategic CSR Perspectives, Tourism Planning & Development, 11 (1), s. 42–56. DOI: 10.1080/21568316.2013.839470.

Czernek-Marszałek, K., Wójcik, D., Juszczyk, P., Piotrowski, P., Richard, B. (2024). Turning Crisis into Chances: Tourism Entrepreneurs’ Timing Strategies amidst Emergencies, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 20 (3), s. 78–103. DOI: 10.7341/20242035.

De Rond, M., Thietart, R. A. (2007). Choice, Chance, and Inevitability in Strategy, Strategic Management Journal, 28 (5), s. 535–551. DOI: 10.1002/smj.602.

Gunter, U., Smeral, E., Zekan, B. (2022). Forecasting Tourism in the EU after the COVID-19 Crisis, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, s. 1–11. DOI: 10.1177/10963480221125130.

Jing, R., Van De Ven, A. H. (2018). Toward a Chance Management View of Organizational Change, Management and Organization Review, 14 (1), s. 161–178. DOI: 10.1017/ MOR.2017.32.

Juszczyk, P., Wójcik, D. (2023). The Concept of Chance Management in Coopetition Among Cultural Institutions, European Management Studies, 21 (2), s. 25–50. DOI: 10.7172/2956-7602.100.2.

Krupski, R. (2013). Rodzaje okazji w teorii i w praktyce zarządzania, Prace Naukowe Wałbrzyskiej Wyższej Szkoły Zarządzania i Przedsiębiorczości, 1 (21), s. 1–16.

Link, P., Marxt, Ch. (2004). Integration of Risk- and Chance Management in the Co-Operation Process, International Journal of Production Economics, 90 (1), s. 71–78. DOI: 10.1016/S0925-5273 (03)00051-3.

López-Naranjo, A. L., Puente-Riofrio, M. I., Carrasco-Salazar, V. A., Erazo-Rodríguez, J. D., Buñay-Guisñan, P. A. (2025). Artificial Intelligence in the Tourism Business: A Systematic review, Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence, 8, s. 1–18. DOI: 10.3389/frai.2025.1599391.

Piecuch, T. (2018). Strategiczne aspekty przedsiębiorczości korporacyjnej, Organizacja i Kierowanie, 4 (183), s. 71–85.

Robinson, T. D. (2025). Identifying the Optimal Moment to Launch Technology in the Market, Journal of Marketing, 3 (89). DOI: 10.1177/00222429241280405.

Scott, D., Gössling, G. (2022). A Review of Research into Tourism and Climate Change – Launching the Annals of Tourism Research Curated Collection on Tourism and Climate Change, Annals of Tourism Research, 95. DOI:10.1016/j.annals.2022.103409.

Seidl, D., Ma, S., Splitter, V. (2024). What Makes Activities Strategic: Toward a New Framework for Strategy-As-Practice Research, Strategic Management Journal, 45 (12), s. 2395–2419. DOI: 10.1002/smj.3668.

Szczęsny, W. (2021). Turystyka w okresie kryzysu gospodarczego spowodowanego pandemią COVID-19, Zeszyty Naukowe Turystyka i Rekreacja, 28 (2), s. 21–32.

Szczukocka, A. (2023). Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na branżę turystyczną w Polsce, Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy, 74, s. 124–140.

Wang, X., Fang, M., Yang, C. C., Lai, P. L. (2024). Revenge Outbound Travel in the Post-Pandemic Era: Evidence from an Extended TPB Model, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 29 (1), s. 79–95. DOI: 10.1080/10941665.2024.2308866.

Zhang, X. J., Fu, P. P., Xi, Y. M., Li, L., Xu, L. G., Cao, C. H., Li, G. Q., Ma, L., Ge, J. (2012). Understanding Indigenous Leadership Research: Explication and Chinese Examples, The Leadership Quarterly, 23 (6), s. 1063–1079.

Zheng, D., Huang, C., Zhao, Q., Liu, Y. (2026). Healing Tourism: An Interdisciplinary Review of Progress, Methods and Healthy Ageing Implications, Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 38 (1), s. 101–125. DOI: 10.1108/APJML-10-2024-1538.

Materiały internetowe

UN Tourism (2025). International Tourism Recovers Pre-Pandemic Levels in 2024, https://www.untourism.int/news/international-tourism-recovers-pre-pandemic-levels-in-2024 (dostęp: 10.09.2025).

Published

2026-03-31

How to Cite

Piotrowski, P., & Czernek-Marszałek, K. (2026). Determinants of the Implementation of Time Strategies in the Operation of Tourism Enterprises. Studies and Work of the Collegium of Management and Finance , (207), 143–158. https://doi.org/10.33119/SIP.2026.207.8

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)