Work Model vs Employee Functioning in a Medical Manufacturing Enterprise
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33119/SIP.2026.208.7Keywords:
work models, hybrid work, remote work, employee well-being, Grey Relation AnalysisAbstract
The article examines how on-site, remote and hybrid work models influence employee functioning in a medical sector enterprise. The study aimed to identify employee preferences and assess the impact of work models on productivity, job satisfaction, mental well-being, stress levels and work – life balance. The empirical study was conducted using a survey method targeting employees of the analysed enterprise. Grey Relational Analysis was applied to determine the strength of relationships between work models and key aspects of occupational functioning. The results show that the strongest positive relationships occur among employees working remotely, while the on-site model demonstrates the weakest links. The hybrid model did not emerge as the most beneficial, which may stem from the organisational specifics of the company under study. The findings highlight the importance of individualised solutions and the role of flexibility in shaping employee well-being and effectiveness.i efektywności pracowników.
Downloads
References
Wydawnictwa zwarte
Allen, T. D., Lezcano, A. M., Schoffel, M. K., Waiwood, A. M. (2025). Remote Work and Employee Health and Well-Being. W: Evolving the Employee Experience: An Integrative Perspective (s. 54–73), R. Mueller-Hanson, E. F. Sinar, E. D. Pulakos (Eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Becker, W. J., Cropanzano, R. (2011). Chapter 8 Display Rules and Emotional Labor within Work Teams. W: What Have We Learned? Ten Years On (s. 197–223). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Matejun, M. (2016). Metodyka badań ankietowych w naukach o zarządzaniu-ujęcie modelowe. W: Współczesne problemy rozwoju metodologii zarządzania (s. 341–354), M. Lisiński, B. Ziębicki (red.). Kraków: Fundacja Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie.
Paraskevopoulos, V., Kallivokas, D., Komisopoulos, F. (2024). The Impact of Work Models and Years of Work Experience on Job Satisfaction, Productivity, and Employees’ Sense of Job Security. W: The International Conference on Strategic Innovative Marketing and Tourism (s. 763–771). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Poehler, L., Schumacher, T. (2007). The Virtual Team Challenge: Is It Time for Training? W: PICMET’07–2007 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering & Technology (s. 2205–2211). IEEE.
Ragin-Skorecka, K. (2021). Influence of the Knowledge of Selected Concepts on the Organization Process Maturity. W: Proceedings of the 37th International Business Information Management Association Conference (IBIMA), 30–31 May 2021, Cordoba, Spain. Innovation Management and Information Technology Impact on Global Economy in the Era of Pandemic (s. 7972–7977), K. S. Soliman (Ed.). IBIMA Publishing. Model pracy a funkcjonowanie pracowników w przedsiębiorstwie produkcyjnym branży medycznej 151
Artykuły naukowe
Abousweilem, F. (2024). Driving Remote Team Success through Knowledge Management Practices in the Jordanian High-Tech Industry, Problems and Perspectives in Management, 22 (2), 708.
Arthi, R., Gita, P. C. (2024). Remote Work Demands and Work-Life Balance: Moderating Effect of Perceived Leadership Behavior, Journal of Asian Scientific Research, 14 (1), 1.
Baker, A. W., Salman, R. Y., Zaur, E. S., Fahmi, A. M. (2024). The Impact of Remote Work on Team Dynamics and Management Strategies, Journal of Ecohumanism, 3 (5), s. 963–983.
Baskerville, R., Nandhakumar, J. (2007). Activating and Perpetuating Virtual Teams: Now that We’re Mobile, Where Do We Go?, IEEE transactions on professional communication, 50 (1), s. 17–34.
Baurai, S., Sekhar, C., Kumar, D., Raj, A. (2025). Digitalization and Employee Well-Being: A Fuzzy-Tism Approach of Remote Work Stressors, Journal of Management & Organization, s. 1–25.
Ben Sedrine, S., Bouderbala, A., Nasraoui, H. (2021). Leadership Style Effect on Virtual Team Efficiency: Trust, Operational Cohesion and Media Richness Roles, Journal of Management Development, 40 (5), s. 365–388.
Brazzale, P., Hurd, F., Nicholson, A., Ravenswood, K. (2025). HR Practices and the Well-Being of a Marginalized Workforce: A Review of Home Health Care Worker Well-Being Research, Management Review Quarterly, s. 1–22.
Buła, P., Thompson, A., Żak, A. A. (2024). Nurturing Teamwork and Team Dynamics in a Hybrid Work Model, Central European Management Journal, 32 (3), s. 475–489.
Deng, J. L. (1982). Control Problems of Grey Systems, Systems and Control Letters, 1 (5). s. 288–294.
Erhel, C., Guergoat-Larivière, M., Mofakhami, M. (2024). Diversity of Flexible Working Time Arrangements and Workers’ Health: An Analysis of a Workers’ Panel and Linked Employer-Employee Data for France, Social Science & Medicine, 356, 117129.
Eşici, H., Şehitoğlu, Y., Ayaz, A., Karaman, M. A. (2024). Work-life Balance of White-collar Remote Workers in a Technopark in Turkey, Population and Economics, 8 (3), s. 1–16.
Hsu, S. C., Weng, K. W., Cui, Q., Rand, W. (2016). Understanding the Complexity of Project Team Member Selection through Agent-Based Modeling, International Journal of Project Management, 34 (1), s. 82–93.
Jarvenpaa, S. L., Keating, E. (2021). When Do Good Communication Models Fail in Global Virtual Teams? Organizational Dynamics, 50 (1), 100843.
Jarvenpaa, S. L., Leidner, D. E. (1999). Communication and Trust in Global Virtual Teams, Organization Science, 10 (6), s. 791–815.
Kulik, A. (2023). Zalety i wady pracy zdalnej z perspektywy pracownika i pracodawcy, Wyzwania Ekonomii, 4 (1), s. 15–25.
Lee-Kelley, L., Sankey, T. (2008). Global Virtual Teams for Value Creation and Project Success: A Case Study, International Journal of Project Management, 26 (1), s. 51–62.
Liu, S., Fang, Z., Yang, Y., Forrest, J. (2012). General Grey Numbers and Their Operations, Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 2 (3), s. 341–349. 152 Katarzyna Ragin-Skorecka, Wiktoria Wiśniowska
Łukasiński, W., Wójcik, M. (2024). Wady pracy zdalnej w opinii przedstawicieli pokolenia Z w Polsce, Organization Review/Przegląd Organizacji, (2), s. 41–51.
Maity, R., Lee, K. L. (2025). The Impact of Remote and Hybrid Work Models on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Productivity: A Systematic Literature Review, SN Business & Economics, 5 (10), 158.
Meluso, J., Johnson, S., Bagrow, J. (2020). Making Virtual Teams Work: Redesigning Virtual Collaboration for the Future, SocArXiv, s. 1–14.
Meng, J., Suárez, L., Yip, C. C., Marsh, N. V. (2025). White-Collar Workers in the Post-Pandemic Era: A Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Mental Well-Being, Behavioral Sciences, 15 (10), 1313.
Mierzwiak, R., Więcek-Janka, E. (2015). The Analysis of Successors’ Competencies in Family Enterprises with the Use of Grey System Theory, Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 5 (3), s. 302–312.
Mishra, N., Bharti, T. (2024). Exploring the Nexus of Social Support, Work – Life Balance and Life Satisfaction in Hybrid Work Scenario in Learning Organizations, The Learning Organization, 31 (1), s. 27–47.
Mossarah, A. (2023). Investigating Factors that Impact Employee Turnover in the Medical Device Industry in the United Arab Emirates, Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 7 (1), 100492.
Nagori, R., Lawton, N. R. (2025). The Design of Hybrid Work for Improved Employee Engagement and Well-Being: Perspectives for HRD Practice, International Journal of Human Resources Development Practice, Policy and Research, 8 (2), s. 83–99.
Naqshbandi, M. M., Ishak, N. A., Kabir, I., Islam, M. Z. (2025). Thriving in the Hybrid Workspace: How Task Variety and Self-Control Affect Job Performance, Management Decision, ahead-of-print.
Pandey, A., Maheshwari, M., Malik, N. (2025). A Systematic Literature Review on Employee Well-Being: Mapping Multi-Level Antecedents, Moderators, Mediators and Future Research Agenda, Acta Psychologica, 258, 105080.
Prakash, S., Agrawal, A., Singh, R., Singh, R. K., Zindani, D. (2023). A Decade of Grey Systems: Theory and Application – Bibliometric Overview and Future Research Directions, Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 13 (1), s. 14–33.
Ragin-Skorecka, K., Pikula, K. (2023). Wpływ pracy zdalnej na projekty realizowane przy wykorzystaniu metodyki scrum, Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów, 195, s. 73–86.
Reyes, D. L., Luna, M., Salas, E. (2021). Challenges for Team Leaders Transitioning from Faceto-Face to Virtual Teams, Organizational Dynamics, 50 (2), 100785.
Ryu, J. M., Park, S., Park, Y., Park, J., Lee, M. (2021). Innovative Culture and Firm Performance of Medical Device Companies: Mediating Effects of Investment in Education and Training, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18 (17), 8926.
Shaik, F. F., Makhecha, U. P. (2019). Drivers of Employee Engagement in Global Virtual Teams, Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 23, s. 1–45.
Strubler, D. C., York, K. M. (2007). An Exploratory Study of the Team Characteristics Model Using Organizational Teams, Small Group Research, 38 (6), s. 670–695. Model pracy a funkcjonowanie pracowników w przedsiębiorstwie produkcyjnym branży medycznej 153
Szluz, B. (2013). Telepraca – nowoczesna, elastyczna forma zatrudnienia i organizacji pracy – szansa czy zagrożenie?, Modern Management Review, 18 (4), s. 253–266.
Vitola, A., Baltina, I. (2013). An Evaluation of the Demand for Telework and Smart Work Centres in Rural Areas: A Case Study from Latvia, European Countryside, 5 (3), s. 251–264.
Vuchkovski, D., Zalaznik, M., Mitręga, M., Pfajfar, G. (2023). A Look at the Future of Work: The Digital Transformation of Teams from Conventional to Virtual, Journal of Business Research, 163, 113912.
Wagan, S. M., Sidra, S. (2025). Remote Work Management: Leading Virtual Teams, Maintaining Productivity, and Ensuring Work-Life Balance, Brazilian Journal of Operations & Production Management, 22 (3), s. 2526–2526.
Wang, X., Wang, J., Liu, X., Liu, Z. (2025). The Effects of Technostressors on Work and Non-Work Outcomes in Hybrid Work, Behaviour & Information Technology, 44 (11), s. 2649–669.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Studies and Work of the Collegium of Management and Finance
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
