Offboarding and exit interview in the process of an employee leaving
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33119/SIP.2023.189.5Keywords:
reasons for employee departure, offboarding stages,, exit interview, question areasAbstract
This study presents human resource management tools applied to an undervalued stage of an employee’s life cycle in an organisation, the exit process. The objective of the analyses provided was to clarify the significance, necessity and use of offboarding as a management of employee leaving process. Achieving the aim required the identification of the reasons and risks associated with employee’s turnover, together with the description of the key tool used in offboarding, the exit interview. The research undertaken resulted in the construction of a self-created offboarding cycle and the identification of areas of exit interview questions. The results of the research also showed that offboarding is a multistage process that provides safety, knowledge transfer, feedback on processes and creates a positive image of the organisation as an employer. t was also identified that the areas of exit interview questions should relate to organisational culture, work environment, organisational management and employee development. In addition, it is suggested that the preparation of the interviewers, the selection of questions, and the acquisition of justifications for answers have an impact on the reliability of the information collected.
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References
Wydawnictwa zwarte i artykuły prasowe
1. Akkermans J., Seibert S.E., Mol S.T. [2018], Tales of the Unexpected: Integrating Career Shocks in the Contemporary Careers Literature, „Journal of Industrial Psychology”, nr 44.
2. Barrick M.R., Mount M.K., Strauss J.P. [1994], Antecedents of Involuntary Turnover Due to a Reduction in Force, „Personnel Psychology”, 47(3).
3. Bawa M.A., Jantan M. [2005], Human Resource Practices as Determinants of Employee Turnover: An Empirical Investigation, „Asian Academy of Management Journal”, 10(2).
4. Brooks B.A. [2007], Evidence-Based Human Resources, „The Journal of Nursing Administration”, 37(10).
5. Dess G.G., Shaw J.D. [2001], Voluntary Turnover, Social Capital, and Organizational Performance, „The Academy of Management Review”, 26(3).
6. Donnelly D.P., Quirin J.J. [2006], An Extension of Lee and Mitchell’s Unfolding Model of Voluntary Turnover, „Journal of Organizational Behavior”, 27(1).
7. Donoghue C., Castle N.G. [2007], Organizational and Environmental Effects on Voluntary and Involuntary Turnover, „Health Care Management Review”, 32(4).
8. Feinberg R.A., Jeppeson N. [2000], Validity of Exit Interviews in Retailing, „Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services”, 7(3).
9. Flint A., Webster J. [2013], Exit Interviews to Reduce Turnover amongst Healthcare Professionals, „Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews”, nr 3.
10. Harman W.S., Lee T.W., Mitchell T.R., Felps W., Owens B.P. [2007], The Psychology of Voluntary Employee Turnover, „Current Directions in Psychological Science”, 16(1).
11. Harzing A., Christensen C. [2004], Expatriate Failure: Time to Abandon the Concept?, „Career Development International”, 9(7).
12. Holtom B.C., Mitchell T.R., Lee T.W., Inderrieden E.J. [2005], Shocks as Causes of Turnover: What They Are and How Organizations Can Manage Them, „Human Resource Management”, 44(3).
13. Hossain M., Himi S., Ameen J. [2017], Strategic Use of Exit Interviews: The Art of Retention, „Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting”, 2(4).
14. Johns R., Gorrick J. [2016], Exploring the Behavioral Options of Exit and Voice in the Exit Interview Process, „International Journal of Employment Studies”, 24(1).
15. Khan P.H., Sgultana A., Reddy T.N. [2019]. Exit Interview – A Competency Based Practice for Employee Retention, „International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering”, 8(12).
16. Klotz A.C., Swider B.W., Shao Y., Prengler M.K. [2020], The Paths from Insider to Outsider: A Review of Employee Exit Transitions, „Human Resource Management”, 60(1).
17. Kraimer M.L., Shaffer M.A., Bolino M.C. [2009], The Influence of Expatriate and Repatriate Experiences on Career Advancement and Repatriate Retention, „Human Resource Management”, 48(1).
18. Krasnova A. [2016], Derekrutacja a budowanie marki pracodawcy, „Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu”, nr 430.
19. Lee H., Sturm R.E. [2017], A Sequential Choice Perspective of Postdecision Regret and Counterfactual Thinking in Voluntary Turnover Decisions, „Journal of Vocational Behavior”, nr 99.
20. Lee T.W., Mitchell T.R. [1994], An Alternative Approach: The Unfolding Model of Voluntary Employee Turnover, „The Academy of Management Review”, 19(1).
21. Lefkowitz J., Katz M.L. [1969], Validity of Exit Interviews, „Personnel Psychology”, 22(4).
22. Lueke S.B., Svyantek D.J. [2000], Organizational Socialization in the Host Country: The Missing Link in Reducing Expatriate Turnover, „The International Journal of Organizational Analy sis”, 8(4).
23. Lynn S.A., Sellai M. [2022], Guard Against Loss of Institutional Knowledge through Proper Offboarding Proces, „Nonprofit Business Advisor”, 2022(397).
24. McElroy J.C., Morrow P.C., Rude S.N. [2001], Turnover and Organizational Performance: A Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Voluntary, Involuntary, and Reduction-In-Force Turnover, „Journal of Applied Psychology”, 86(6).
25. Morrell K., Loan-Clarke J., Arnold J., Wilkinson A. [2008], Mapping the Decision to Quit: A Refinement and Test of the Unfolding Model of Voluntary Turnover, „Applied Psychology”, 57(1).
26. Morrell K.M., Loan-Clarke J., Wilkinson A.J. [2004], Organisational Change and Employee Turnover, „Personnel Review”, 33(2).
27. Neal J.G. [1989], Employee Turnover and the Exit Interview, „Library Trends”, 38(1).
28. Nigam R., Mishra S. [2014], Exit Interview – A Strategic Tool to Measure Attrition, „International Journal of Research in Business Management”, 2(5).
29. Nikolova M., Nikolaev B., Popova O. [2020], The Perceived Well-Being and Health Costs of Exiting Self-Employment, „Small Business Economics”, 57(4).
30. Ongori H. [2007], A Review of the Literature on Employee Turnover, „African Journal of Busi ness Management”, 1(3).
31. Parker A., Gerbasi A. [2016], The Impact of Energizing Interactions on Voluntary and Involuntary Turnover, „M@n@gement”, nr 3.
32. Russell C.J. [2013], Is it Time to Voluntarily Turnover Theories of Voluntary Turnover?, „Industrial and Organizational Psychology”, 6(2).
33. Schwab D.P. [1991], Contextual Variables in Employee Performance-Turnover Relationships, „Academy of Management Journal”, 34(4).
34. Shaw J.D., Delery J.E., Jenkins G.D., Gupta N. [1998], An Organization-Level Analysis of Voluntary and Involuntary Turnover, „Academy of Management Journal”, 41(5).
35. Shipp A.J., Furst-Holloway S., Harris T.B., Rosen B. [2013], Gone Today but Here Tomorrow: Extending the Unfolding Model of Turnover to Consider Boomerang Employees, „Personnel Psychology”, 67(2).
36. Snyder D.G., Stewart V.R., Shea C.T. [2020], Hello Again: Managing Talent with Boomerang Employees, „Human Resource Management”, 60(2).
37. Spain E., Groysberg B. [2016], Making Exit Interviews Count, „Harvard Business Review”, kwiecień.
38. Tziner A., Birati A. [1996], Assessing Employee Turnover Costs: A Revised Approach, „Human Resource Management Review”, 6(2).
Materiały internetowe
1. AHRI (Australian HR Institute) [2018], Turnover and Retention Research Report, www.ahri.com.au/wp-content/uploads/turnover-and-retention-report_final.pdf, dostęp: 20.01.2023.
2. Antal [2019], Rotacja dobrowolna pracowników w Polsce, antal.pl/wiedza/raport/rotacja-dobrowolna-pracownikow-w-polsce, dostęp: 25.01.2023.
3. Deloitte [2022], Od fali odejść do fali zmian. Czy jesteśmy gotowi na nowe podejście do pracy?, www2.deloitte.com/pl/pl/pages/human-capital/articles/od-fali-odejsc-do-fali-zmian.html, dostęp: 25.01.2023.
4. Freshworks, Employee Offboarding Process Guide (Checklist and Templates for Offboarding),www.freshworks.com/hrms/offboarding/, dostęp: 3.02.2023.
5. Hill S. [2021], [Employee Offboarding] 11 step guide for an effortless process, asanify.com/blog/human-resources/employee-offboarding-11step-guide-for-an-effortless-process/, dostęp: 3.02.2023.
6. HR University, What is Offboarding? [2023], hr.university/shrm/talent-management/offboarding/, dostęp: 3.02.2023.
7. Paulsen E. [2022], 15 Employee Turnover Statistics to Shape Your Retention Strategy, www.quantumworkplace.com/future-of-work/employee-turnover-statistics, dostęp: 20.01.2023.
8. Randstad [2022], Monitor rynku pracy edycja 49, www.randstad.pl/o-randstad/instytut-ba dawczy-randstad/, dostęp: 25.01.2023.
9. SHRM [2022], Better Workplaces on a Budget, www.shrm.org/hr-today/trends-and-foreca sting/research-and-surveys/Pages/Better-Workplaces-on-a-Budget.aspx, dostęp: 15.01.2023.
10. Work Institute [2022], 2022 Retention Report, workinstitute.com/retention-reports/, dostęp: 20.01.2023.
1. Akkermans J., Seibert S.E., Mol S.T. [2018], Tales of the Unexpected: Integrating Career Shocks in the Contemporary Careers Literature, „Journal of Industrial Psychology”, nr 44.
2. Barrick M.R., Mount M.K., Strauss J.P. [1994], Antecedents of Involuntary Turnover Due to a Reduction in Force, „Personnel Psychology”, 47(3).
3. Bawa M.A., Jantan M. [2005], Human Resource Practices as Determinants of Employee Turnover: An Empirical Investigation, „Asian Academy of Management Journal”, 10(2).
4. Brooks B.A. [2007], Evidence-Based Human Resources, „The Journal of Nursing Administration”, 37(10).
5. Dess G.G., Shaw J.D. [2001], Voluntary Turnover, Social Capital, and Organizational Performance, „The Academy of Management Review”, 26(3).
6. Donnelly D.P., Quirin J.J. [2006], An Extension of Lee and Mitchell’s Unfolding Model of Voluntary Turnover, „Journal of Organizational Behavior”, 27(1).
7. Donoghue C., Castle N.G. [2007], Organizational and Environmental Effects on Voluntary and Involuntary Turnover, „Health Care Management Review”, 32(4).
8. Feinberg R.A., Jeppeson N. [2000], Validity of Exit Interviews in Retailing, „Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services”, 7(3).
9. Flint A., Webster J. [2013], Exit Interviews to Reduce Turnover amongst Healthcare Professionals, „Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews”, nr 3.
10. Harman W.S., Lee T.W., Mitchell T.R., Felps W., Owens B.P. [2007], The Psychology of Voluntary Employee Turnover, „Current Directions in Psychological Science”, 16(1).
11. Harzing A., Christensen C. [2004], Expatriate Failure: Time to Abandon the Concept?, „Career Development International”, 9(7).
12. Holtom B.C., Mitchell T.R., Lee T.W., Inderrieden E.J. [2005], Shocks as Causes of Turnover: What They Are and How Organizations Can Manage Them, „Human Resource Management”, 44(3).
13. Hossain M., Himi S., Ameen J. [2017], Strategic Use of Exit Interviews: The Art of Retention, „Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting”, 2(4).
14. Johns R., Gorrick J. [2016], Exploring the Behavioral Options of Exit and Voice in the Exit Interview Process, „International Journal of Employment Studies”, 24(1).
15. Khan P.H., Sgultana A., Reddy T.N. [2019]. Exit Interview – A Competency Based Practice for Employee Retention, „International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering”, 8(12).
16. Klotz A.C., Swider B.W., Shao Y., Prengler M.K. [2020], The Paths from Insider to Outsider: A Review of Employee Exit Transitions, „Human Resource Management”, 60(1).
17. Kraimer M.L., Shaffer M.A., Bolino M.C. [2009], The Influence of Expatriate and Repatriate Experiences on Career Advancement and Repatriate Retention, „Human Resource Management”, 48(1).
18. Krasnova A. [2016], Derekrutacja a budowanie marki pracodawcy, „Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu”, nr 430.
19. Lee H., Sturm R.E. [2017], A Sequential Choice Perspective of Postdecision Regret and Counterfactual Thinking in Voluntary Turnover Decisions, „Journal of Vocational Behavior”, nr 99.
20. Lee T.W., Mitchell T.R. [1994], An Alternative Approach: The Unfolding Model of Voluntary Employee Turnover, „The Academy of Management Review”, 19(1).
21. Lefkowitz J., Katz M.L. [1969], Validity of Exit Interviews, „Personnel Psychology”, 22(4).
22. Lueke S.B., Svyantek D.J. [2000], Organizational Socialization in the Host Country: The Missing Link in Reducing Expatriate Turnover, „The International Journal of Organizational Analy sis”, 8(4).
23. Lynn S.A., Sellai M. [2022], Guard Against Loss of Institutional Knowledge through Proper Offboarding Proces, „Nonprofit Business Advisor”, 2022(397).
24. McElroy J.C., Morrow P.C., Rude S.N. [2001], Turnover and Organizational Performance: A Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Voluntary, Involuntary, and Reduction-In-Force Turnover, „Journal of Applied Psychology”, 86(6).
25. Morrell K., Loan-Clarke J., Arnold J., Wilkinson A. [2008], Mapping the Decision to Quit: A Refinement and Test of the Unfolding Model of Voluntary Turnover, „Applied Psychology”, 57(1).
26. Morrell K.M., Loan-Clarke J., Wilkinson A.J. [2004], Organisational Change and Employee Turnover, „Personnel Review”, 33(2).
27. Neal J.G. [1989], Employee Turnover and the Exit Interview, „Library Trends”, 38(1).
28. Nigam R., Mishra S. [2014], Exit Interview – A Strategic Tool to Measure Attrition, „International Journal of Research in Business Management”, 2(5).
29. Nikolova M., Nikolaev B., Popova O. [2020], The Perceived Well-Being and Health Costs of Exiting Self-Employment, „Small Business Economics”, 57(4).
30. Ongori H. [2007], A Review of the Literature on Employee Turnover, „African Journal of Busi ness Management”, 1(3).
31. Parker A., Gerbasi A. [2016], The Impact of Energizing Interactions on Voluntary and Involuntary Turnover, „M@n@gement”, nr 3.
32. Russell C.J. [2013], Is it Time to Voluntarily Turnover Theories of Voluntary Turnover?, „Industrial and Organizational Psychology”, 6(2).
33. Schwab D.P. [1991], Contextual Variables in Employee Performance-Turnover Relationships, „Academy of Management Journal”, 34(4).
34. Shaw J.D., Delery J.E., Jenkins G.D., Gupta N. [1998], An Organization-Level Analysis of Voluntary and Involuntary Turnover, „Academy of Management Journal”, 41(5).
35. Shipp A.J., Furst-Holloway S., Harris T.B., Rosen B. [2013], Gone Today but Here Tomorrow: Extending the Unfolding Model of Turnover to Consider Boomerang Employees, „Personnel Psychology”, 67(2).
36. Snyder D.G., Stewart V.R., Shea C.T. [2020], Hello Again: Managing Talent with Boomerang Employees, „Human Resource Management”, 60(2).
37. Spain E., Groysberg B. [2016], Making Exit Interviews Count, „Harvard Business Review”, kwiecień.
38. Tziner A., Birati A. [1996], Assessing Employee Turnover Costs: A Revised Approach, „Human Resource Management Review”, 6(2).
Materiały internetowe
1. AHRI (Australian HR Institute) [2018], Turnover and Retention Research Report, www.ahri.com.au/wp-content/uploads/turnover-and-retention-report_final.pdf, dostęp: 20.01.2023.
2. Antal [2019], Rotacja dobrowolna pracowników w Polsce, antal.pl/wiedza/raport/rotacja-dobrowolna-pracownikow-w-polsce, dostęp: 25.01.2023.
3. Deloitte [2022], Od fali odejść do fali zmian. Czy jesteśmy gotowi na nowe podejście do pracy?, www2.deloitte.com/pl/pl/pages/human-capital/articles/od-fali-odejsc-do-fali-zmian.html, dostęp: 25.01.2023.
4. Freshworks, Employee Offboarding Process Guide (Checklist and Templates for Offboarding),www.freshworks.com/hrms/offboarding/, dostęp: 3.02.2023.
5. Hill S. [2021], [Employee Offboarding] 11 step guide for an effortless process, asanify.com/blog/human-resources/employee-offboarding-11step-guide-for-an-effortless-process/, dostęp: 3.02.2023.
6. HR University, What is Offboarding? [2023], hr.university/shrm/talent-management/offboarding/, dostęp: 3.02.2023.
7. Paulsen E. [2022], 15 Employee Turnover Statistics to Shape Your Retention Strategy, www.quantumworkplace.com/future-of-work/employee-turnover-statistics, dostęp: 20.01.2023.
8. Randstad [2022], Monitor rynku pracy edycja 49, www.randstad.pl/o-randstad/instytut-ba dawczy-randstad/, dostęp: 25.01.2023.
9. SHRM [2022], Better Workplaces on a Budget, www.shrm.org/hr-today/trends-and-foreca sting/research-and-surveys/Pages/Better-Workplaces-on-a-Budget.aspx, dostęp: 15.01.2023.
10. Work Institute [2022], 2022 Retention Report, workinstitute.com/retention-reports/, dostęp: 20.01.2023.
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Published
2023-08-03
How to Cite
Wilczyński, A. . (2023). Offboarding and exit interview in the process of an employee leaving. Studies and Work of the Collegium of Management and Finance , (189), 75–91. https://doi.org/10.33119/SIP.2023.189.5
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