Narration in Reporting – How to Verify It?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33119/SIP.2018.160.6Keywords:
non-financial data verification, audit, inspection, CSR, non-financial reportingAbstract
The study presents the conclusions from the analysis of significance and conditions of verification of non-financial information of business entities in the area of activities in favour of sustainable development. It attempts to answer a research question: what does the verification of non-financial data mean, what are the major directions of development of verification of non-financial information observed in the practice of business entities in the world 21st century, what is the present state of legal regulations in the context of verification of these data and what problems result from their application in practice. The article serves the purpose of indication of key factors and further prospects of nonfinancial information auditing. The aim of the study determined the selection of research methods based on critical, comparative and descriptive analysis. The accounting literature analysis is the basic research method applied in the article; but also, the analysis of legal acts as well as practical studies and reports. The formulation of conclusions is based on deductive and inductive concluding with the use of methods of analysis and synthesis. The study analyses the significance of independent verification of non-financial data with regard to the achievements of business entities acting in favour of sustainable development. It presents changes in this kind of audit observed in practice. Next, it describes basic legal regulations on the verification of non-financial data and the controversies connected with their practical application. The diversity of standards and their excessive level of generalisation give rise to considerable problems related to the research methodology as well as the responsibility of auditors. In this context, it seems important to make them uniform and to introduce explicit verification guidelines. The article is practical and theoretical in character. The conclusions from the analyses of trends in the changes in the practice of non-financial information verification and the scientific solutions in this area developed so-far indicate the need for standardisation of non-financial data control. The research is preliminary, requiring in-depth empirical research.
Downloads
References
1. Dyrektywa Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady 2014/95/UE z dnia 22 października 2014 roku,
zmieniająca
dyrektywę 2013/34/UE w odniesieniu do ujawniania informacji niefinansowych
i informacji dotyczących różnorodności przez niektóre duże jednostki oraz grupy,
Dz. Urz. UE, L 330 z 15.11.2014 r.
2. Ustawa z dnia 29 września 1994 r. o rachunkowości, tekst jedn.: Dz.U. 2018, poz. 395
3. AccountAbility, 2008a, AA1000 Accountability Principles Standard 2008, London
4. AccountAbility, 2008b, AA1000 Assurance Standard 2008, London
5. AccountAbility, 2008c, Guidance for AA1000 AS (2008) Assurance Providers, London
6. Federation of European Accountants (FEE), 2015, EU Directive on disclosure of non-financial
and diversity information. The role of practitioners in providing assurance (tłum. PIBR: Dyrektywa
UE w sprawie ujawniania danych niefinansowych i informacji niefinansowych na temat
różnorodności. Rola biegłych rewidentów w weryfikacji informacji niefinansowych, stanowisko
FEE)
7. Komunikat Nr 44/2014 Krajowej Rady Biegłych Rewidentów z dnia 18 listopada 2014 r.
w sprawie publikacji dokumentów IAASB
8. Komunikat Nr 20/2017 Krajowej Rady Biegłych Rewidentów z dnia 14 sierpnia 2017 r. w sprawie
sporządzania Sprawozdania z badania w związku z wejściem w życie przepisów ustawy
z dnia 11 maja 2017 r. o biegłych rewidentach, firmach audytorskich oraz nadzorze publicznym
9. Międzynarodowy Standard Badania (MSB) 720, Odpowiedzialność biegłego rewidenta dotycząca
innych informacji zamieszczonych w dokumentach zawierających zbadane sprawozdania
finansowe, załącznik nr 1.33 do uchwały Nr 2783/52/2015 Krajowej Rady Biegłych Rewidentów
z dnia 10 lutego 2015 r. w sprawie krajowych standardów rewizji finansowej
10. Międzynarodowy Standard Usług Atestacyjnych (MSUA) 3000, Usługi atestacyjne inne niż
badania i przeglądy historycznych informacji finansowych, załącznik nr 3 do Komunikatu
Nr 44/2014 Krajowej Rady Biegłych Rewidentów z dnia 18 listopada 2014 r. w sprawie publikacji
dokumentów IAASB
Wydawnictwa zwarte
1. Al-Hamadeen R. M., 2007, Assurance of corporate stand-alone reporting: evidence from the UK
(Doctoral dissertation, University of St Andrews)
2. Eccles R. G., Krzus M. P., Watson L. A., 2012, Integrated Reporting Requires Integrated Assurance,
[w:] J. Oringel (red.), Effective Auditing for Corporates: Key Developments in Practice and
Procedures, Bloomsbury Information Limited, London
3. Zadek S., Raynard P., Forstater M., Oelschlaegel J., 2004, The future of sustainability assurance,
ACCA Research Report No. 86, Certified Accountants Educational Trust, London
Artykuły prasowe i okolicznościowe
1. Bauer R. A., Fenn D. H., 1973, What is corporate social audit?, „Harvard Business Review”,
January-February
2. Cohen J. R., Simnett R., 2015, CSR and Assurance Services: A Research Agenda, „Auditing:
A Journal of Practice & Theory”, vol. 34, no. 1
3. Gürtürk A., Rüdiger H., 2016, An empirical assessment of assurance statements in sustainability
reports: smoke screens or enlightening information?, „Journal of Cleaner Production”, no. 136
4. Kolk A., Perego P., 2008, Determinants of the Adoption of Sustainability Assurance Statements:
An International Investigation, „Business Strategy and the Environment”, no. 19
5. Krasodomska J., 2014, Informacje niefinansowe w sprawozdawczości spółek, „Zeszyty Naukowe
Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie. Seria Specjalna, Monografie”, nr 232
6. Manetti G., Becatti L., 2009, Assurance services for sustainability reports: Standards and empirical
evidence, „Journal of Business Ethics”, vol. 87
7. O’Dwyer B., 2011, The Case of Sustainability Assurance: Constructing a New Assurance Service,
„Contemporary Accounting Research”, vol. 28 (4), doi:10.1111/j.1911–3846.2011.01108.x
8. O’Dwyer B, Owen D., 2005, Assurance statement practice in environmental, social and sustainability
reporting: a critical evaluation, „The British Accounting Review”, vol. 37, issue 2
9. O’Dwyer B., Owen D., Uneman J., 2011, Seeking Legitimacy for New Assurance Forms: The
Case of Assurance on Sustainability Reporting, „Accounting, Organizations and Society”,
vol. 36, Issue 1, January
10. Owen D. L., Swift T. A., Humphrey C., Bowerman M., 2000, The new social audits: accountability,
managerial capture or the agenda of social champions?, „European Accounting Review”,
vol. 9 (1)
11. Perego P., 2009, Causes and consequences of choosing different assurance providers: An international
study of sustainability reporting, „International Journal of Management”, vol. 26 (3)
12. Simnett R., Vanstraelen A., Chua W. F., 2009, Assurance on sustainability reports: An international
comparison, „The Accounting Review”, vol. 84 (3)
13. Srivastava R. P., Rao S. S., Mock T. J., 2013, Planning and Evaluation of Assurance Services for
Sustainability Reporting: An Evidential Reasoning Approach, „Journal of information systems”
vol. 27, no. 2
14. Wiśniewska J., 2015, Weryfikacja danych pozafinansowych w raportach CSR polskich spółek,
„Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu”, nr 396, „Finanse i rachunkowość
na rzecz zrównoważonego rozwoju – odpowiedzialność, etyka, stabilność finansowa”, t. 2
15. Zorio A., García-Benau M. A., Sierra L., 2013, Sustainability development and the quality of
assurance reports: empirical evidence, „Business strategy and the environment”, vol. 22 (7)
16. Zyznarska-Dworczak B., 2017, Determinants for the development of non-financial reporting
and its external verification in the light of accounting theory and practice, „Studia Oeconomica
Posnaniensia”, vol. 5, no. 6, doi: 10.18559/SOEP.2017.6.8
Materiały internetowe
1. Centre for Strategy and Evaluation Services (CSES), 2011, Disclosure of non-financial information
by Companies – Final report, Framework Contract for projects relating to Evaluation and
Impact Assessment activities of Directorate General for Internal Market and Services, Centre
for Strategy and Evaluation Services, December 2011, United Kingdom, http://ec.europa.
eu/internal_market/accounting/docs/non-financial-reporting/com_2013_207‑study_en.pdf,
dostęp 26.09.2017
2. Ernst & Young Accountants LLP (EY), 2015, Roadmap to robust non-financial information.
The why, what and how of NFI data management, reporting and assurance, http://www.ey.com/
Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-roadmap-to-robust-non-financial-information/$FILE/EY-roadmap-
to-robust-non-financial-information.pdf, dostęp 16.08.2017
3. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), 2013, The external assurance of sustainability reporting,
https://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/GRI-Assurance.pdf, dostęp 15.10.2017
4. KPMG, 2017, The KPMG Survey of Corporate Responsibility Reporting, https://home.kpmg.
com/xx/en/home/campaigns/2017/10/survey-of-corporate-responsibility-reporting-2017.
html, dostęp 30.09.2017